The distributions of permeability and porosity are key factors that control airflow and gas phase transport in unsaturated formations. To understand the behavior of flow and transport in such formations, characterization procedure is a typical approach that has been widely applied to laboratories and fields. As is recognized by most investigations, this approach relies on accurate measurements,...

In this study, a chitosan co-polymer scaffold was prepared by mixing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), NO, carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions to obtain desirable properties for chondrocyte cultivation. Electron beam (e-beam) radiation was used to physically cross-link these polymers at different doses (30 kGy and 50 kGy). The co-polymers were then lyophilized to form...

Age-related bone loss and postmenopausal osteoporosis are due to a dysregulation of bone remodelling in which less bone is reformed than resorbed. This dysregulation of bone remodelling does not occur with equal strength in all bone regions. Loss of bone is more pronounced near the endocortical surface. This leads to thinning of the cortical wall proceeding from the endosteum, a process sometim...

The mammary gland extracellular matrix (ECM) is comprised of biopolymers, primarily collagen I, that are created and maintained by stromal fibroblasts. ECM remodeling by fibroblasts results in changes in ECM fiber spacing (pores) that have been shown to play a critical role in the aggressiveness of breast cancer. However, minimally invasive methods to measure the spatial distribution of ECM por...

The need to decrease signal delay and cross-talk in interconnects within integrated circuits is becoming increasingly important as device dimensions shrink. Electrical connections require lower resistivity metals and lower dielectric constant insulating films to meet future goals. Even these materials may not provide for sufficient signal bandwidth, and so optical interconnections are also envi...

Cell sheet-mediated tissue regeneration is a promising approach for corneal reconstruction. However, the fragility of bioengineered corneal endothelial cell (CEC) monolayers allows us to take advantage of cross-linked porous gelatin hydrogels as cell sheet carriers for intraocular delivery. The aim of this study was to further investigate the effects of biopolymer concentrations (5-15 wt%) on t...

Due to its popularity and high crack sensitivity, 6061 aluminum alloy was selected as a test material for the newly developed double-sided arc welding (DSAW) process. The microstructure, crack sensitivity, and porosity of DSAW weldments were studied systematically. The percentage of fine equiaxed grains in the fully penetrated welds is greatly increased. Residual stresses are reduced. Porosity ...

The residual porosity is an unavoidable phenomenon of the components produced by powder metallurgy process which in turn largely affects the strength property of the same. Now a day it is possible to control porosity of powder metallurgy components and retain them to desired amount when required. The porosity of a powder metallurgy component is greatly depends on the sintering temperature. In t...

The main aim of this survey paper is to give basic information about properties and applications of σ-porous sets in Banach spaces (and some other infinite-dimensional spaces). This paper can be considered a partial continuation of the author’s 1987 survey on porosity and σ-porosity and therefore only some results, remarks, and references (important for infinite-dimensional spaces) are repeated...

The effects of a porous fence with a nonuniform porosity on flow fields are investigated numerically. First, an experiment with a non-uniform porous fence located in a wind tunnel is performed to obtain a reference data set. Then, a numerical model that utilizes the finite volume schemewith a weakly compressible-flowmethod to solve the continuity and momentum equations is developed. The numeric...