Lactarius rubriviridis sp. nov., characterized by hypogeous, sequestrate basidiomes with red latex, green stains, and forcibly discharged, reticulate basidiospores is described and illustrated. During the Spring, the new species forms basidiomes associated with conifers at 1400-1800 m elevation in the Sierra Nevada, and is known from two specimens collected 19 yr apart. Comparisons with the put...

The new genus Spartidelphax is described to house three species removed from the polyphyletic genus Delphacodes. The members of Spartidelphax are coastal species native to eastern North America, and probably feed exclusively on cordgrass (Poaceae, Spartina Schreb.). The taxonomy and nomenclature of the included species (viz. Spartidelphaxdetectus, Spartidelphaxluteivittus, and Spartidelphaxpene...

Cockroaches are an ecologically and economically important insect group, but some fundamental aspects of their evolutionary history remain unresolved. In particular, there outstanding questions about the deeper relationships among cockroach families. As a group transferred from Blaberoidea Saussure to Blattoidea Latreille, family Anaplectidae Walker requires re-evaluation. our study, we infer p...

The markedly different mode of mesoderm formation in anuran and urodelan amphibians (which is related to the early double-layered nature of the anuran blastula wall in contrast to its single-layered nature in the urodeles), but particularly the fundamentally different place and mode of origin of the primordial germ cells in the two groups of amphibians, strongly pleads in favour of a very ancie...

The Afrotropical fruit fly genus Ceratitis MacLeay is an economically important group that comprises over 89 species, subdivided into six subgenera. Cladistic analyses of morphological and host use characters have produced several phylogenetic hypotheses for the genus. Only monophyly of the subgenera Pardalaspis and Ceratitis (sensu stricto) and polyphyly of the subgenus Ceratalaspis are common...

Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data for 105 acanthomorph taxa are analyzed to address questions of scorpaeniform monophyly and relationships. The combination of 3425 aligned base pairs from the mitochondrial small subunit rDNA (12S), large subunit rDNA (16S), and tRNA-Val and the nuclear large subunit rDNA (28S), histone H3, and TMO-4c4 loci are analyzed. Representatives of all scorpaen...

Species of the genus Prosthecomicrobium are noted for their numerous cellular appendages or prosthecae that extend from the cells. This investigation confirms that the genus is polyphyletic based on an extensive analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of several named species of the genus. The analyses indicate that some Prosthecomicrobium species are more closely related to non-prosthecate gen...