INTRODUCTION IN the mid-nineteenth century, Plymouth ranked as one of Britain's most unhealthy towns.' Overcrowding was as bad as that encountered in all but the most pernicious blackspots of London, Liverpool, or Manchester.2 Between 1841 and 1850, the rate of mortality had averaged twenty-five per thousand, a figure as high as the worst of the nation's industrial cities3 (Table I). Rapid popu...

We build a model of activist campaigns against corporations that captures both their direct impact through private politics, and their indirect impact through changing targeted firms’ incentives to engage in public politics. A strategic activist seeks to transform the behavior of an industry, and influence it to adopt a costly green technology that will reduce environmental damages. To do so, t...

This paper studies voice and exit as mechanisms of shareholder activism when obtaining costly formal control is not feasible. Different from the existing literature, voice is interpreted as a strategic transmission of information from an activist investor to an opportunistic manager. The analysis provides several results. First, voice and exit exhibit complementarity, and hence, exit can be an ...

We present a simple macroeconomic model that includes a role for an asset-price bubble. We then derive optimal monetary policy settings for two policymakers: a skeptic, for whom the best forecast of future asset prices is the current price; and an activist, whose policy recommendations take into account the complete stochastic implications of the bubble. We show that the activist’s recommendati...

As the use of Twitter has become more commonplace throughout many nations, its role in political discussion has also increased. This has been evident in contexts ranging from general political discussion through local, state, and national elections (such as in the 2010 Australian elections) to protests and other activist mobilisation (for example in the current uprisings in Tunisia, Egypt, and ...

The attributes of egg production that elicit values-based responses include the price and availability of eggs, environmental impacts, food safety or health concerns, and animal welfare. Different social groups have distinct interests regarding the sustainability of egg production that reflect these diverse values. Current scientifically based knowledge about how values and attitudes in these g...

The past decade has witnessed an emergent form of activism increasingly defined by its reliance on internet strategies, network social structures and participatory practices. Internet strategies employed by many contemporary activists include websites, listservs and hyperlinked networks used for exchanging information, mobilizing both old and new constituencies, and coordinating collective acti...