Aligning Financial Incentives (FIs) to health policy goals is becoming increasingly popular. In many cases, such initiatives have failed to deliver anticipated benefits. Attributing this to the actions of self-interested and resistant professionals is not an entirely helpful approach. It is important to avoid simplistic assumptions to build knowledge of how and why schemes are implemented in pr...

Recent discussions in system dynamics have raised questions about the scientific acceptability of system dynamics and impact of system dynamics on social problems. This paper describes two different projects in the area of mental health services research—a research study recognized for its science and a consulting project making an impact on the policy process—and the institutional structures f...

While many international organisations have independent evaluations, including the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Health organization (WHO), uniquely the World Bank in its 2015 World Development Report sought to ascertain the potential biases that influence how its staff interpret evidence and influence policy. Here, we describe the World Bank’s study design, including experiments ...