Nowadays, with extending applications of bi-layer metallic sheets in different industrial sectors, accurate specification of each layer is very prominent to achieve desired properties. In order to predict behavior of sheets under different forming modes and determining rupture limit and necking, the concept of Forming Limit Diagram (FLD) is used. Optimization problem with objective functions an...

laser forming is a modern process which is mainly used for forming metals. different lasers are used in this regard that includes nd: yag and co2. in this study, forming bi-layer sheets of aluminum/ceramic by laser was investigated. furthermore, effect of uniform and gaussian heat flux distribution in different power, velocity, and beam diameters on bending angle was studied. fem simulation ind...

In this paper, we revisit the formability of tube expansion by single point incremental forming to account for material strain hardening and non-proportional loading paths that were not taken into consideration in a previously published analytical model process built upon rigid perfectly plastic material. The objective is provide new insight on reason why critical strains at failure are far sup...