This study examines whether microfinance institutions (MFIs) that serve women borrowers at the base of the economic pyramid are likely to adopt a written code of positive organizational ethics (POE). Using econometric analysis of operational and economic data of a sample of MFIs from across the world, we find that two contextual factors—poverty level and lack of women’s empowerment—moderate the...

This paper studies FA-presentable structures and gives a complete classification of the finitely generated FA-presentable cancellative semigroups. We show that a finitely generated cancellative semigroup is FA-presentable if and only if it is a subsemigroup of a virtually abelian group.

Five hundred million travelers enter the US yearly at a Port of Entry (POE) after an Immigration & Naturalization Service (INS) interview. We describe a general method for sampling from a flow, and summarize results from random reinspections of travelers at 20 POEs. Analyses reveal that 47 in 5614 travelers (0.8% ± 0.24%) were erroneously granted entry. Results suggest INS intercepts 9.3% to 16...

Problem Oriented Engineering (POE) is a Gentzen-style ‘natural’ framework for engineering design. As such, POE supports rather than guides its user as to the particular sequence of design steps that will be used; the sequencing is user determined as that most appropriate to the context of application. In this paper, however, we suggest a sequencing of steps and interactions with stake-holders t...

The degradable polymers poly(orthoester) (POE), poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA), and the nondegradable polymers polysulfone (PSF), polyethylene (PE), and poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) were exposed to cultures of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Escherichia coli. Bacteria washed and resuspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) adhered to polymers in amounts nearly twice those...

The tribology properties of TiO2/POE, SiO2/POE and TiO2-SiO2/POE nanolubricants were investigated for an automotive air-conditioning system with electrically-driven compressor (EDC). A two-step preparation method was used in dispersing TiO2 SiO2 nanoparticles into Polyol-ester (POE)-based lubricant at different volume concentrations 0.01 to 0.1%. coefficient friction (COF) wear scar diameter (W...

–a notion of amenability for topological semigroups is introduced. a topological semigroup s iscalled johnson amenable if for every banach s -bimodule e , every bounded crossed homomorphism froms to e* is principal. in this paper it is shown that a discrete semigroup s is johnson amenable if and only if1(s) is an amenable banach algebra. also, we show that if a topological semigroup s is johns...

In this paper, we give some characterizations of intraregular semigroups by the properties of their (∈,∈ ∨qk)-fuzzy right ideals, (∈,∈ ∨qk)-fuzzy left ideals, (∈,∈ ∨qk)-fuzzy interior ideals, (∈,∈ ∨qk)fuzzy bi-ideals and (∈,∈ ∨qk)-fuzzy generalized bi-ideals. 2010 AMS Classification: 03E72, 20M12