introduction: health tourism refers to travel for the use of services that improve or promote the physical or psychological health of an individual in a location apart from their place of residence lasting over 24 hours. health tourism provides a sizeable share of revenues derived from the health sector in some countries. the high potential for health tourism in iran, especially in the city of ...

R/qtl is an R package for mapping quantitative trait loci (genetic loci that contribute to variation in quantitative traits) in experimental crosses. Its development began in 2000. There have been 38 software releases since 2001. The latest release contains 35k lines of R code and 24k lines of C code, plus 15k lines of code for the documentation. Challenges in the development and maintenance of...

This in vitro study aimed to analyze the effect of including xylitol into a fluoridated dentifrice to provide protection against enamel erosion with or without abrasion. Bovine enamel specimens were subjected to erosion or erosion plus abrasion (7 days) and the treatment with the following dentifrices: 10% xylitol; 10% xylitol plus 1,030 ppm F (NaF); 1,030 ppm F; and placebo. The erosive challe...

Background: Urtica dioica is known as an anti-hyperglycemic plant. Urtica dioica distillate (UD) is a traditional Iranian drink, locally known as “aragh gazaneh”. In spite of its widespread consumption in Iran, according to traditional Iranian medicine, there is no scientific report on the usefulness of UD for diabetic patients. This survey was designed to evaluate its protective effects for th...

The U.S. National Academy of Engineering’s Grand Challenges for Engineering report has received a great deal of attention from legislators, policymakers, and educators, but what does it entail for social justice considerations in engineering? This article situates the Grand Challenges report as a cultural artifact of the engineering profession—an artifact that works to reinforce engineering’s p...

In this position paper, I introduce five grand challenges in the development of networked digital games. While this list is not intended to be exhaustive, I argue that these challenges are significant in that they are holding back the development of the next generation of innovative games.

Carlos M. Duarte* 1 Department of Global Change Research, (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-University of the Balearic Islands) Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, Mallorca, Spain 2 The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia 3 Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway *Correspondence:...

service oriented architecture (soa) technology enables composition of large and complex computational units out of the available atomic services. implementation of soa brings about challenges which include service discovery, service interaction, service composition, robustness, quality of service, security, etc. these challenges are mainly due to the dynamic nature of soa. soamay often need to ...