Introduction: Different etiologies of pleural effusion are diagnosed based on serum and plural fluid characteristics. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the serum and pleural fluid protein to lactate dehyrogenase (Pr/LDH) ratio in exudative pleural effusions. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 60 patients with exudative pleural effusion including: 20 cases with para...

The aim of this article is to present an overview of our 10 years clinical research work and early clinical experience with small pleural effusions. Small amounts of pleural fluid are severely difficult to identify with imaging methods (chest x-rays and ultrasound). Nevertheless, it may be an important finding, sometimes leading to a definitive diagnosis of pleural carcinomatosis, infection or ...

The robot studies generally deal with only communication between one robot and one person there have been few discussions of the communication between a robot and plural persons This paper proposes a method enables robot to communicate with plural persons using the selection priority of the partner based on the concept of Proxemics In this method a robot changes sensory motor modality based on ...

We present a computational treatment of the semantics of plural Noun Phrases which extends an earlier approach presented by Scha [7] to be able to deal with multiple-level plurals ("the boys and the girls", "the juries and the committees", etc.) 1 We argue that the arbitrary depth to which such plural structures can be nested creates a correspondingly arbitrary ambiguity in the possibilities fo...

The distinction between singular and plural enters into linguistic phenomena such as morphology, lexical semantics, and agreement, and also must interface with perceptual and conceptual systems that assess numerosity in the world. Three experiments examined how the singular/plural distinction is extracted in real time from the morphological and lexical properties of visually presented words. In...

The present study explores the variation in the plural inflection of eight varieties of Frisian and English, focusing on the irregular plural formations. The aim of the study is to identify and assess the significance of the factors which contributed to the preservation and emergence of irregular plural patterns in the investigated varieties. Multivariate regression analysis, which was employed...

We have examined potential dissociations between lexical and grammatical knowledge in language impairment by investigating noun plurals and plural formation inside compounds in Williams Syndrome (WS) subjects. For comparison, we also report results from studies investigating the same linguistic phenomena in children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI). We found that nouns taking regular plu...

Set representations are explicitly expressed in natural language. For example, many languages distinguish between sets and subsets (all vs. some), as well as between singular and plural sets (a cat vs. some cats). Three experiments explored the hypothesis that these representations are language specific, and thus absent from the conceptual resources of non-linguistic animals. We found that rhes...

The meaning of ‘we’ is usually seen as ‘I þ others’. Russian, along with many other languages, has a construction that allows an overt specification of ‘others’, the so-called Plural Pronoun Construction (PPC), which involves a plural pronoun and a comitative phrase. The syntactic behavior of this comitative phrase differs from that of other withphrases such as VP-adjuncts, NP-adjuncts, and com...