N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are membrane-derived lipids that are utilized as signaling molecules in the nervous system (e.g., the endocannabinoid anandamide). An N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) that catalyzes formation of NAEs was recently identified as a member of the zinc metallohydrolase family of enzymes. NAPE-PLD(-/-) mice have greatly reduced brain levels of long...

Phospholipase D (PLD) catalyses the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine, generating phosphatidic acid and choline. Mammalian PLD activity derives from a family of membrane-associated enzymes that are activated by a wide variety of signal transduction events. cDNA species encoding human, mouse and rat PLD1 and PLD2 have recently been reported. In this study we undertook to determine the organizati...

The phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulated nutrophil respiratory burst has been considered to simply involve the activation of protein kinase C (PKC). However, the PLD activity was also increased by 10-fold in human neutrophils stimulated with 100 nM PMA. Unexpectedly, U73122, an inhibitor of phospholipase C, was found to significantly inhibit PMA-stimulated respiratory burst in human neutr...

Phospholipase D (PLD) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of membrane phosphatidylcholine to choline and phosphatidic acid (PA; a second messenger). PLD is expressed in nearly all types of leukocytes and has been associated with phagocytosis, degranulation, microbial killing, and leukocyte maturation. With the application of recently developed molecular tools (i.e., expression vectors, s...

Exogenous ATP stimulated phospholipase D (PLD), but not sphingomyelinase in rat submandibular gland (SMG) acini. PLD activation was dependent upon extracellular Ca(2+) and did not involve intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization or phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C activation. ATP-stimulated PLD was attenuated by inhibition or downregulation of protein kinase C (PKC). PLD activation was fully ...

The phospholipase D (PLD) from Streptomyces chromofuscus is a soluble enzyme known to be activated by the phosphatidic acid-calcium complexes. PLD-catalyzed hydrolysis of phospholipids in aqueous medium leads to the formation of phosphatidic acid (PA). Previous studies concluded on an allosteric activation of PLD by the PA-calcium complexes. In this work, the role of PA and calcium was investig...

Recent successes in the pharmacotherapeutic treatment of breast cancer are associated with the use of selective estrogen receptor modulators. Two commonly prescribed pharmaceuticals in this class, tamoxifen and raloxifene, have been shown to have effects through estrogen receptor (ER)-independent mechanisms. Hyperactivation of phospholipase D (PLD) in certain tumor-derived cell lines have been ...

Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyzes membrane lipids to generate phosphatidic acid (PA) and a free-head group (Fig. 1), and this activity is widespread in plants. Recent results indicate that PLD plays multiple regulatory roles in diverse plant processes, including abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, programmed cell death, root hair patterning, root growth, freezing tolerance, and other stress responses...

Rapid activation of phospholipase D (PLD) in response to cell stimulation was recently demonstrated in many systems, raising the hypothesis that PLD participates in transduction of extracellular signals across the plasma membrane. In the present study, we describe the identification of a neutral PLD activity in purified rat brain synaptic plasma membranes, and the in vitro conditions required t...