Adiponectin is a fat-derived hormone with insulin-sensitizing properties. In patients with type 2 diabetes plasma adiponectin levels are decreased. Since these patients are characterized by high plasma insulin and glucose concentrations, hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia could be responsible for the downregulation of adiponectin. Insulin decreases adiponectin levels in humans. The effect of hy...

1. Serum sialic acid is a reputed cardiovascular risk factor, but the reason why this is so is not clear. We therefore studied its relationship with other known cardiovascular risk factors (particularly those associated with insulin resistance) in 100 healthy young subjects (54 females and 46 males, age 20.7+/-0.89 years). 2. There was a significant univariate correlation between serum total si...

High concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) are a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians. In vitro and in vivo, chronic elevation of NEFA decreases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. We hypothesized that high fasting plasma NEFA would increase the risk of type 2 diabetes by inducing a worsening of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in Pima Indians. To test t...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of salinomycin (SL) and feeding on whole body glucose kinetics in sheep fed a high-concentrate diet (25% orchardgrass hay and 75% commercial concentrate). Four adult sheep were fed the diet with or without 20 mg x kg(-1) diet of SL once daily for each 3 wk. The rates of glucose entry and utilization were determined before and during 3 h after...

GIP concentrations similar to the maximum values observed in actively feeding ob/ob mice (Flatt et al., 1983~). Plasma GIP concentrations declined quickly indicating a relatively short half-life of the hormone in ob/ob mice. Fig. 1 b shows the plasma insulin responses to endogenous GIP released by oral administration of fat. A substantial increase in plasma GIP concentrations was achieved simil...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate differences in indexes of plasma glucose/insulin homeostasis and cardiovascular disease risk factors among subjects with normal fasting glucose (NFG), impaired fasting glucose, or glucose intolerance. Although individuals with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentrations > 5.4 mmol/l but < 6.1 mmol/l have been shown to have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes ov...

BACKGROUND Plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are inversely related to insulin sensitivity of glucose metabolism in humans. However, currently, it is not known whether there is a cause-and-effect relationship between increased plasma BCAA concentrations and decreased insulin sensitivity. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of acute exposure to increased plasma BCAA concentrations on insu...

This study was initiated to describe the relationships between plasma glucose and insulin responses to oral glucose and the concentrations of partially oxidized low density lipoprotein (poxLDL) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in 23 healthy, non-diabetic volunteers. Results demonstrated that plasma glucose (r=0.65, P<0.002) and insulin (r=0.58, P<0.007) responses to a 75-...

AIMS To investigate the dynamics between plasma and dialysate glucose during hypoglycaemia in children. STUDY DESIGN Six children in prepuberty or early puberty were investigated by multiple blood sampling and microdialysis of subcutaneous adipose tissue during a standard arginine-insulin tolerance test. Glucose and glycerol, as an index of lipolysis, were measured in samples from both compar...