Phenotypic plasticity in growth (leading to compensation) and secondary chemical production (leading to induction) in response to herbivory are key defense strategies in adult plants, but their role in seedling defense remains unclear. A pair of greenhouse studies was conducted to investigate compensation and induction in seedlings and juvenile plants, using Plantago lanceolata (Plantaginaceae)...

The stylar determinant of gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) in Solanaceae, Rosaceae, and Plantaginaceae is an S-RNase encoded by a multiallelic S-locus. The primary structure of S-RNases shows five conserved (C) and two hypervariable (HV) regions, the latter forming a domain implicated in S-haplotype-specific recognition of the pollen determinant to SI. All S-RNases are glycosylated at a ...

Plant-animal interactions are pivotal for ecosystem functioning, and usually form complex networks involving multiple species of mutualists as well as antagonists. The costs and benefits of these interactions show a strong context-dependency directly related to individual variation in partner identity and differential strength. Yet understanding the context-dependency and functional consequence...

Bu çalışma Rize ili İkizdere ilçesi Zorkal yaylası merasında 2019 yılı içerisinde yapılmıştır. Çalışmada meranın toprağı kaplama alanı, botanik kompozisyonu, mera kalite derecesi ve durumu parametreleri incelenmiştir. Vejetasyon çalışması, Temmuz ayı içinde, vejetasyonun klimaks evreye ulaştığı safha da Araştırma alanının bitki örtüsü karakterleri “Lup” yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. alan...