Plants can perceive a wide range of biotic attackers and respond with targeted induced defenses. Specificity in plant non-self-recognition occurs either directly by perception of pest-derived elicitors or indirectly through resistance protein recognition of host targets that are inappropriately proteolyzed. Indirect plant perception can occur during interactions with pathogens, yet evidence for...

Salivary secretions of neonate Hessian fly larvae initiate a two-way exchange of molecules with their wheat host. Changes in properties of the leaf surface allow larval effectors to enter the plant where they trigger plant processes leading to resistance and delivery of defence molecules, or susceptibility and delivery of nutrients. To increase understanding of the host plant's response, the ti...

Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are a class of 21-24 nucleotide long single stranded, endogenous, noncoding RNAs involved mainly in post transcriptional gene silencing in animals and plants. Their role in the gene regulation of plant growth and development, biotic and abiotic stress responses, methylation is revealed and much more is expected by these tiny molecules. With each passing day a new insight abo...

Flavones are a class of natural plant secondary metabolites that have anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects. Some flavones also activate the T2R14 bitter taste receptor, which is expressed in motile cilia of the sinonasal epithelium and activates innate immune nitric oxide (NO) production. Flavones may thus be potential therapeutics for respiratory infections. Our objective was to examin...

The effect of three amoxycillin treatment regimens on purulent secretions of patients with bronchiectasis has been studied. On the basis of information recorded on a diary card the patients were divided into three groups, according to the usual nature of their secretions: seven who produced mucoid sputum, which occasionally became purulent; seven whose secretions were usually mucopurulent but o...

The lactoperoxidase (LPO) antibiotic system is a well-characterized component of mammary and salivary gland secretions. Because LPO has been shown to function in ovine airways, human airway tissue and secretions were examined for the presence of LPO and its substrate, the anion thiocyanate (SCN-). In addition, human airway secretions were tested for LPO-mediated antibacterial activity, and LPO'...

As the field of root biology continues to gain momentum, researchers have begun to recognize the importance of root secretions in innumerable plant–plant and plant–microbe interactions hidden beneath the ground. It is well documented that diverse plant species form both beneficial and harmful associations with soil bacterial communities. Understanding all of the factors involved in these rhizos...

Abstract Archaeological sites and structures suffer from several factors of deterioration. The present survey focuses on the biodeterioration by plants, which is not less important than rest deterioration factors; moreover, in many cases, it leads to their occurrence. Despite importance plants our lives aesthetic appearance around stone monuments, they pose a threat survival. Therefore, necessa...

endotoxin often demonstrate increased numbers of various cell types. Would this partly explain your results? Dr. Rylandet.: That's probably what we see: the exposure levels in workers are above those required to cause mill fever. A similar thing happens to sewage workers. Dr. Kreutzer: Have you used a variety of endotoxin preparations? Might there be chemotactic factors in your preparation? Dr....