Venus flytrap's leaves can catch an insect in a fraction of a second. Since the time of Charles Darwin, scientists have struggled to understand the sensory biology and biomechanics of this plant, Dionaea muscipula. Here we show that insect-capture of Dionaea traps is modulated by the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonates. Water-stressed Dionaea, as well as those exposed to the drought...

The aim of this paper is to introduce $(L,M)$-fuzzy closurestructure where $L$ and $M$ are strictly two-sided, commutativequantales. Firstly, we define $(L,M)$-fuzzy closure spaces and getsome relations between $(L,M)$-double fuzzy topological spaces and$(L,M)$-fuzzy closure spaces. Then, we introduce initial$(L,M)$-fuzzy closure structures and we prove that the category$(L,M)$-{bf FC} of $(L,M...

Cytosolic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](cyt)) mediates diverse cellular responses in both animal and plant cells in response to various stimuli. Calcium oscillation amplitude and frequency control gene expression. In stomatal guard cells, [Ca(2+)](cyt) has been shown to regulate stomatal movements, and a defined window of Ca(2+) oscillation kinetic parameters encodes necessary information for long-term stom...

1 Former human practices can persistently influence forest ecosystems, particularly by altering the distribution and abundance of vegetation. Previous research has focused on the role of colonization success in governing plant community patterns in abandoned forests, but few studies have explored how changes in the performance of adult plants may contribute to changes in plant populations. 2 We...

purpose: to evaluate all cases of drug induced angle closure glaucoma cases who presented to feiz hospital, isfahan during 2008-2010. case report: in this retrospective case series, we present 7 cases of drug induced angle closure glaucoma after administration of topiramate. all patients were female. the average age of patients was 33.28 years old (ranging from 19 to 44). with sufficient cornea...

Recent work shows that transcription factors are necessary for stomatal movements in plants. Different members of the plant-specific R2R3-MYB transcription factor family are required for mediating stomatal opening in response to light and stomatal closure in response to darkness.

INTRODUCTION A mercury (Hg) processing plant previously operating in KwaZulu-Natal Province (South Africa) discharged Hg waste into a nearby river system causing widespread contamination since the 1980s. Although the processing plant ceased operation in the 1990s, Hg contamination (due to residual Hg) remains significant. Previous studies in the area since the plant's closure have found elevate...

background the vacuum assisted closure (vac) therapy has revolutionized the modern wound care. we developed a new concept of ‘vac at home’ in order to decrease the hospital cost. methods the study was conducted in a private hospital from january 2009 to december 2010. only those patients were included among whom the wounds were not complicated by concomitant injury and the patients were otherwi...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The carnivorous plant Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) produces a rosette of leaves: each leaf is divided into a lower part called the lamina and an upper part, the trap, with sensory trigger hairs on the adaxial surface. The trap catches prey by very rapid closure, within a fraction of a second of the trigger hairs being touched twice. Generation of action potentials plays...