Introduction: Antibiotic resistance, especially in Gram-negative uropathogens such as Escherichia coli, is the main barrier to treat urinary tract infection (UTI). In recent years, the dramatically increased resistance of E. coli to quinolones, a group of widely used antibiotics, has become a significant concern. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, we collected 261 E. coli isola...

Regioselective synthesis of quinolone-1,2,4-triazoles was established starting from 4-hydroxyquinol-2-ones. The strategy started by the reaction ethyl bromoacetate with 4-hydroxyquinoline to give corresponding oxoquinolinyl acetates, which reacted hydrazine hydrate afford hydrazide derivatives. Subsequently, hydrazides isothiocyanate derivatives acyl thiosemicarbazides. Finally, subjecting thio...

Resistance to the quinolones almost always arises from the accumulation of mutations in chromosomal genes responsible for the drug targets, permeability, or active efflux. This resistance can be depicted as a stepwise process in which each step, represented by separate mutations, diminishes susceptibility on average 4- to 8-fold. The precise path followed in this stepwise process differs with t...

This study evaluated bacterial etiology and antibiotic susceptibility in patients diagnosed with community-acquired perforated appendicitis over a 12-year-period. We retrospectively reviewed records of adult patients diagnosed with perforated appendicitis at an 800-bed teaching hospital between January 2000 and December 2011. In total, 415 culture-positive perforated appendicitis cases were ana...

Quinolones are widely used in the treatment of respiratory infections, in large part because of their activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae and other commonly encountered respiratory tract pathogens. Pneumococcal isolates that are resistant to these "respiratory quinolones" have now begun to emerge. Resistance is attributable to mutations affecting the intracellular targets of these drugs, ...

An epidemiological study of filariasis in three villages along the coast at Matara has shown a prevalence of microfilaraemia of 4.4% and a geometric mean microfilaraemia density of 20.6 microfilariae/60ul of fingerprick blood. These are higher than previous values for the area. Prevalence is lower in females compared to males, and also in males under 20 years compared to the older males. Clinic...

With the recent introduction of agents such as gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin, the traditional gram-negative coverage of fluoroquinolones has been expanded to include specific gram-positive organisms. Clinical applications beyond genitourinary tract infections include upper and lower respiratory infections, gastrointestinal infections, gynecologic infections, sexually transmitted diseases, and s...