The goal of this study is to improve the thermal characteristics of high power LED (light-emitting diode) package using a flat heat pipe (FHP). The heat-release characteristics of high power LED package are analyzed and a novel flat heat pipe (FHP) cooling device for high power LED is developed. The thermal capabilities, including startup performance, temperature uniformity and thermal resistan...

Methods for estimating structural reliability using probability ideas are well established. When the residual ultimate strength of a buried pipeline is exceeded the limit, breakage becomes imminent and the overall reliability of the pipe distribution network is reduced. This paper is concerned with estimating structural failure of underground flexible pipes due to corrosion induced excessive de...

Although permeation of hydrocarbons such as Benzene, Toluene, Ethybenzene, and Xylene (BTEX) through polyethylene (PE) pipe in potable water applications is rarely occurred. It is important to understand permeation mechanism and characterize the potential health risk. The most common potential hydrocarbon substances are originated from gasoline leaks. Previous research has shown that pipe mater...

Ultrasonic fiber optic sensors (UFOS) based on Mach-Zehnder (M-Z) interferometer is proposed to detect guided waves propagating in the pipe, which is common structural component in aerospace, mechanical or civil structures. The sensitivity of UFOS depends on the long sensing distance, while winding around the circumferential direction of the pipe provides arbitrary sensing length as well as sma...

In this note we show a consequence of the recent observation that narrow-pipe hash designs manifest an abberation from ideal random functions for finding collisions for those functions with complexities much lower than the so called generic birthday paradox lower bound. The problem is generic for narrow-pipe designs including classic Merkle-Damg̊ard designs but also recent narrow-pipe SHA-3 cand...

The Drosophila pipe gene encodes ten related proteins that exhibit amino acid sequence similarity to vertebrate heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase. One of the Pipe isoforms, which is expressed in the ventral follicular epithelium, is a key determinant of embryonic dorsoventral polarity, suggesting that Pipe-mediated sulfation of a heparan sulfate proteoglycan provides a spatial cue for dorsov...

The failure pressure of pipe with wall-thinning was investigated by using three-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element analyses (FEA). With careful modeling of the pipe and flaw geometry in addition to a proper stress-strain relation of the material, FEA could estimate the precise burst pressure obtained by the tests. FEA was conducted by assuming three kinds of materials: line pipe steel, ...

Expression of pipe in the somatic tissue of the Drosophila ovary is required for the formation of embryonic dorsal-ventral polarity. pipe, which encodes an enzyme similar to the glycosaminoglycan-modifying enzyme heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase, is expressed in a spatially restricted domain of follicle cells on the ventral side of the egg chamber. Mutations that affect follicular polarity ...

Abstarct: Flow through pipes and heating situations find wide applications in industry. Depending on the fluid properties, temperature field in the pipe changes. This in turn results in thermodynamic irreversibility in the flow system. Thermodynamic irreversibility can be quantified through amount of entropy generation in the thermal system. Consequently, in the present study, the influence of ...

This paper presents an eddy-current-based technique for imaging the solidification of molten metal inside a metal pipe. This technique is motivated by the fact that the ac (alternating current) impedance seen from a solenoid placed outside the pipe is dependent on the distribution of the solidification inside the pipe provided that the ac frequency is properly chosen and the overall thickness o...