Defining the physiological traits that characterise phytoplankton involves comparison with related organisms in benthic habitats. Comparison of survival time darkness under natural conditions requires more information. Gas vesicles and flagella as mechanisms upward movement relative to surrounding water, allowing periodic vertical migration, are not confined plankton, although buoyancy changes ...

Effect of Nanoparticles and Biofertilizers on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Indices Some Physiological Traits Triticale (Triticosecale Wittmack) under Salinity Stress

Metabolomics is an emerging method to improve our understanding of how genetic diversity affects phenotypic variation in plants. Recent studies have demonstrated that genotype has a major influence on biochemical variation in several types of plant tissues, however, the association between metabolic variation and variation in morphological and physiological traits is largely unknown. Sorghum bi...

961 A Physiological Model of OSA Pathogenesis—Owens et al. INTRODUCTION In addition to compromised upper airway anatomy, other physiological traits are increasingly recognized for their contributions to the development of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). These nonanatomical traits include: (1) poor pharyngeal muscle responsiveness during sleep, (2) an overly sensitive ventilatory control system (...

Experimental evolution is a powerful approach that can be used for the study of adaptation. Evolutionary biologists often use Drosophila as a model organism in experiments that test theories about the evolution of traits related to fitness. Such evolution experiments can take three forms: direct selection for a trait of interest; surveys of traits of interest in populations selected for other t...