survey of physical modality impact accompanied by selected exercise training on treatment of chronic mechanical low back pain in women    tofighi a [1] *, kashef mm [2] , aghazade shotlou z [3] , assemi a [4]    received : 16 may , 2011 accepted: 6 jluy , 2011   abstract  background & aims: training and exercise treatment is the major recommended procedure for low back pain that has improvable ...

a Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Trairi Health Sciences Faculty, Physical Therapy Course, Santa Cruz, RN, Brazil b Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Trairi Health Sciences Faculty, Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Santa Cruz, RN, Brazil c Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Trairi Health Sciences Faculty, Public Health Program, Santa Cruz, ...

1 Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. 2 Associate Professor of Cardiology, Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 3 Associate Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education and Sport Sc...

1. Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tarbiat Modarres, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran 3. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,...

Measures of psychological attributes abound in the social sciences as much as measures of physical properties do in the physical sciences. However, there are crucial differences between the scientific underpinning of measurement. While measurement in the physical sciences is supported by empirical evidence that demonstrates the quantitative nature of the property assessed, measurement in the so...

This article presents a theoretical foundation for marketing based on the ideas of the Austrian school of economists. After a discussion of the methodological foundations of Austrian economics, which reject the statistical and experimental methods of the physical sciences as the means to verify theory in the social sciences, the article presents the Austrians' principle of methodological indivi...

(DFID) supports policies, programmes and projects to promote international development. DFID provides funds for this study as part of that objective but the views and options expressed are those of the author(s) alone. Abstract Experimental approaches such as randomised controlled trials have been successful in identifying and testing medical technologies. There is enthusiasm for use of similar...