Continuous observations of sunspot penumbrae with the Solar Optical Telescope aboard Hinode clearly show that the outer boundary of the penumbra fluctuates around its averaged position. The penumbral outer boundary moves inward when granules appear in the outer penumbra. We discover that such granules appear one after another while moving magnetic features (MMFs) are separating from the penumbr...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Improved selection of patients with stroke for IV tPA treatment may enhance clinical outcomes. Given the limited availability of MR imaging in hospitals, we examined the cost-effectiveness of adding CTP to the usual CT-based methods for selecting patients on the basis of the presence and extent of penumbra. MATERIALS AND METHODS A decision-analytic model estimated the c...

RATIONALE The ischemic penumbra assessment is essential for the subsequent therapy and prediction of evolution in patients with acute ischemic infraction. Although controversial as a perfect equivalence to penumbra, perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI)-diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) mismatch may predict the response to thrombolysis. Due to the reliance of PWI on contrast agents, noninvasive alter...

Electroacupuncture preconditioning at acupoint Baihui (GV20) can reduce focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the precise protective mechanism remains unknown. Mitochondrial fission mediated by dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) can trigger neuronal apoptosis following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Herein, we examined the hypothesis that electroacupuncture pretreatment can ...

Spontaneous spreading depolarizations (SDs) occur in the penumbra surrounding ischemic core. These SDs, often referred to as peri-infarct depolarizations, cause vasoconstriction and recruitment of the penumbra into the ischemic core in the critical first hours after focal ischemic stroke; however, the real-time spatiotemporal dynamics of SD-induced injury to synaptic circuitry in the penumbra r...

To promote neuroregeneration and angiogenesis is a therapeutic target for the treatment of stroke. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) has pleiotropic effects on neurogenesis, angiogenesis and neuroprotection in central nervous system. In this study we investigated whether HIF-1α treatment promotes the proliferation of ischemia induced neural stem cells (NSCs) and neuroregeneration in penumbra...

background: small photon fields are increasingly used in modern radiotherapy especially in intensity modulated radiation therapy (imrt) and stereotactic radiosurgery (srs) treatments. accurate beam profile and central axis depth doses measurements of such beams are complicated due to the electron disequilibrium. hence the ebt2 (external beam therapy) gafchromic film was used for dosimetry of sm...

High-resolution observations of horizontal motions in the penumbra are needed to complement concept penumbrae obtained from spectropolarimetry. Time series intensity images a large sunspot AR 10634 acquired with Swedish Solar Telescope G band and red continuum analysed. The two simultaneous time last six hours five minutes. Horizontal penumbral grains (PGs), structures dark bodies filaments, ou...

Abstract In addition to the Evershed flow directed from umbra toward outer boundary of a sunspot, under special circumstances counter (CEF) in opposite direction also occurs. We aim characterize proper motions and evolution three CEFs observed by Solar Optical Telescope on board Japanese Hinode spacecraft Helioseismic Magnetic Imager Dynamics Observatory. use state-of-the-art inversions radiati...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We sought to assess whether the volume of the ischemic penumbra can be estimated more accurately by altering the threshold selected for defining perfusion-weighting imaging (PWI) lesions. METHODS DEFUSE is a multicenter study in which consecutive acute stroke patients were treated with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator 3 to 6 hours after stroke onset. Magnet...