In low-income countries, rapid urbanization adds pressure to already stressed water and sanitation systems that are critical to the health of communities. Drainage networks, designed for stormwater but commonly used for disposing of waste, are rarely covered completely, allowing residents to easily come into contact with their contents. This study used spatial mapping, documentation of physical...

The contamination rate of phlebotomy tourniquets with meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was assessed, and it was determined whether this could be reduced by changes in practice or by the use of a physical barrier. Initially, the tourniquets of both preregistration house officers and phlebotomists were investigated, but as phlebotomists reported significantly more venepunctures d...

Fear of contamination within obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is traditionally conceptualized as a physical phenomenon. Research has also supported the notion of mental contamination (MC), in which people feel contaminated in the absence of contact with a physical pollutant. In the last decades, a growing number of studies has been centered on the role of disgust propensity (DP) in contamina...

Contamination of food and individuals by food workers has been identified as an important contributing factor during foodborne illness investigations. Physical and chemical barriers to prevent microbial contamination of food are hurdles that block or reduce the transfer of pathogens to the food surface from the hands of a food worker, from other foods, or from the environment. In food service o...

BACKGROUND This single blind, multicenter randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a supervised high intensity exercise program on physical fitness and fatigue in patients with multiple myeloma or lymphoma recently treated with autologous stem cell transplantation. METHODS 109 patients were randomly assigned to the 18-week exercise intervention or the usual care cont...

Thousands and thousands of people are suffering from the toxic effect of arsenic in many countries. It is due to natural ground water contamination as well as industrial hazards waste and drainage problems. Permissible level of arsenic in water is 0.01 ppb defined by World Health Organization. The delta region of Brahmaputra and Ganga is one of the world’s most affected areas. The central porti...

The phenomenon of bio-contamination in a population of individuals being contaminated in a near by near physical, viral or bacterial contact could be compared by analogy with a near by near exchange of "atomic" data between mobile entities of an ad hoc network. Would the tools of wireless communication engineering then make it possible to contribute in the modeling of a bio-contamination proces...

Worldwide, contaminated drinking water poses a major health threat, particularly to child development. Diarrhoea represents a large part of the water-related disease burden and enteric infections have been linked to nutritional and growth shortfalls as well as long-term physical and cognitive impairment in children. Previous studies detailed the frequency of infection and the consequences for c...

With the emergence in research addressing cyberphysical systems, problems that previously were ignored or thought to be too complex, can now be investigated. A particular problem which we consider in this paper is that of environmental mapping and monitoring immediately following a natural disaster or hazardous contamination to obtain situation awareness. With the tight integration of control, ...

The 1986 Chernobyl fallout had dramatic consequences for traditional reindeer husbandry in central and southern Norway, and also for many farmers in these areas. In end July 1986 the Government therefore passed a principal resolution stating that every producer should be economically compensated for all losses due to measures introduced by the authorities because of the Chernobyl deposition. By...