This paper compares several translation representations for a synchronous context-free grammar parse including CFGs/hypergraphs, finite-state automata (FSA), and pushdown automata (PDA). The representation choice is shown to determine the form and complexity of target LM intersection and shortest-path algorithms that follow. Intersection, shortest path, FSA expansion and RTN replacement algorit...

This paper proposes a method for hierarchical phrase-based stream decoding. A stream decoder is able to take a continuous stream of tokens as input, and segments this stream into word sequences that are translated and output as a stream of target word sequences. Phrase-based stream decoding techniques have been shown to be effective as a means of simultaneous interpretation. In this paper we tr...

background and aims. the aim of the present study was to compare the effect of surface treatment with er; cr:yssg, nd:yag, and co2 lasers on repair shear bond strength of a silorane-based composite resin. materials and methods. sixty eight cylindrical samples of a silorane-based composite resin (filtek silorane) were prepared and randomly divided into 4 groups as follows: group 1: without surfa...

While phrase-based statistical machine translation systems currently deliver state-of-theart performance, they remain weak on word order changes. Current phrase reordering models can properly handle swaps between adjacent phrases, but they typically lack the ability to perform the kind of long-distance reorderings possible with syntax-based systems. In this paper, we present a novel hierarchica...

Hiero translation models have two limitations compared to phrase-based models: 1) Limited hypothesis space; 2) No lexicalized reordering model. We propose an extension of Hiero called PhrasalHiero to address Hiero’s second problem. Phrasal-Hiero still has the same hypothesis space as the original Hiero but incorporates a phrase-based distance cost feature and lexicalized reodering features into...

Spoken communication across a language barrier is of increasing importance in both civilian and military applications. In this paper, we present a system for taskdirected 2-way communication between speakers of English and Iraqi colloquial Arabic. The application domain of the system is force protection. The system supports translingual dialogue in areas that include municipal services surveys,...

th at d o cu m en t). In th is case, the text abo v e th e low er pan el s h ow s that the p hr as e fo res t pr o d u cts app ear s in 72 p hr as es (the f irs t ten are s h ow n) , in 3 82 d o cu m ents. Th e f ir s t ten o f th es e are av ailable too , tho u g h th e lis t m u s t b e s cr o lled d o wn to m ak e th em ap p ear in th e v is ible par t of th e p an el. F igu r e 4 s h o ws t...

Current state-of-the-art machine translation systems use a phrase-based scoring model for choosing among candidate translations in a target language, typically English. These models are deemed phrase-based because candidate sentence scores are in large part a product of phrase translation probabilities. These translation probabilities must be learned in some unsupervised manner from a pair of s...