In this paper, the dynamic behavior of laser induced optical breakdown in impure water was studied by using a pump- probe technique. The plasma was induced by a 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser pulse (with pulse duration ~10 ns) in distilled water with two types of impurities: (I) a solution (highly diluted salt water as a conductor) and (II) a colloidal (TiO2 in colloidal nanoparticle form as a dielectric...

We present a comparative study of ultrafast photoconversion dynamics in tetracene (Tc) and pentacene (Pc) single crystals and Pc films using optical pump-probe spectroscopy. Photoinduced absorption in Tc and Pc crystals is activated and temperature-independent, respectively, demonstrating dominant singlet-triplet exciton fission. In Pc films (as well as C60-doped films) this decay channel is su...

In this paper, in order to investigate the effects of photovoltaic system introduction to detached houses in Japan, two kinds of works were done. Firstly, the hourly generation amount of a 4.2kW photovoltaic system were simulated in 46 cities to investigate the potential of the system in different regions in Japan using a simulation model of photovoltaic system. Secondly, based on the simulated...

Water pumping using AC motors has become one of the most feasible photovoltaic (PV) applications. Moreover, PV pumping is getting more attention in recent days mainly in remote areas where connection to the grid is technically not possible. Power generation by Photovoltaic is reliable. The operation and maintenance costs are low. The induction motor is more rugged, and maintenance-free motor. I...

This paper presents an optimization of photovoltaic water pumping system (PWPS) considering the reliability criteria and economic aspects. In this way loss of load probability (LLP) as reliability criteria and life cycle cost (LCC) as economic criteria are used to simulate the performance of the PWPS. The sizing of a photovoltaic pumping system means the sizing of the photovoltaic module number...

In this study, we present an alternative maximum power point tracking technique used in a solar water pumping system to produce the for modifying amount of pumped water. This was actually created primarily regulate duty ratio buck converter. order control array operating track point, nonlinear approach based on input–output feedback linearizing and Lyapunov stability theory is used. By adjustin...

Water in many areas of Australia is scarce and of poor quality. In some areas high levels of treatment are required either due to contamination of waters or due to high salinity. Nanofiltration (NF) and low pressure RO membranes are well recognised technologies to treat waters of qualities ranging from low salinity surface water to high salinity seawater. In remote communities the operation of ...