objective(s): in this study we evaluate the impact of the different aspects of gold nano-particles (gnps) on the target absorptive dose enhancement factor (def) during external targeted radiotherapy with photon beams ranging from kilovolt to megavolt energies using monte carlo simulation. methods: we have simulated the interaction of photon beams with various energies of radiation using water s...

Water quality data collection in shallow water areas can be a challenging task. Obstacles encountered in such environments include difficulty in covering large territories and the presence of inaccessible areas due to a variety of reasons such as a soft bottom or contamination. There is also a high probability of disturbing the test area while placing the sensors. This paper describes a NASA-fu...

Super flavor factories aim to reach very high luminosities thanks to a new concept whereby the ultra-low emittance beams collide with a large crossing angle. Fast luminosity measurements are needed as input to luminosity optimisation and feedback in the presence of dynamic imperfections. The required small relative precision can be reached exploiting the very large cross section of the radiativ...

Strong saturated absorption at nanowatt power levels has been demonstrated using metastable xenon in a high finesse optical cavity. The use of metastable xenon allows a high quality factor of Q = 2 × 10(8) to be achieved at relatively high atomic densities without any contamination or damage to the optical surfaces, which is often a problem when using high-density rubidium or other alkali atoms...

In this paper, we have investigated the dependence of the spectral entanglement and indistinguishability of photon pairs produced by the spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) procedure on the bandwidth of spectral filters used in the detection setup. The SPDC is a three-wave mixing process which occurs in a nonlinear crystal and generates entangled photon pairs and utilizes as one of th...

Optical and magneto-optical properties of amorphous Gd22Fe78 (GdFe) thin films prepared by direct current (DC) sputtering on thermally oxidized substrates were characterized by the combination of spectroscopic ellipsometry and magneto-optical spectroscopy in the photon energy range from 1.5 to 5.5 eV. Thin SiNx and Ru coatings were used to prevent the GdFe surface oxidation and contamination. U...

Atrazine has been identified in at least 20 of the 1,636 hazardous waste sites that have been proposed for inclusion on the EPA National Priorities List (NPL) (HazDat 2003). However, the number of sites evaluated for atrazine is not known. The frequency for these sites within the United States can be seen in Figure 6-1. Of these sites, all 20 are located within the United States and none are lo...

background: to compare the cosmetic results of whole breast radiotherapy between cobalt 60 and photon 9megavolt in patients underwent breast conserving surgery. methods: the patients with breast saving surgery who were treated by whole breast radiotherapy with either cobalt 60 or photon 9mv between 2001-2006 in sayed-al-shohada hospital entered the study. the cosmetic results were evaluated by ...

Introduction: In radiation therapy, knowing the dose rates to healthy organs and tumors is beneficial, and thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) allows for this possibility. This study was aimed at determining the dose-response differences of TLDs in various types of radiation, energy levels, and dose rate calibrated with other types of radiation beams and energy and dose levels. Materials and Meth...