Accumulation of sorbitol in the tissue is known to cause microvascular diabetic complications. In this paper, a fiber-optic biosensor for sorbitol which is used as a biomarker of diabetic complications was developed and tested. The biosensor used a sorbitol dehydrogenase from microorganisms of the genus Flavimonas with high substrate specificity and detected the fluorescence of reduced nicotina...

The tRopIcal DEep-sea Neutrino Telescope (TRIDENT) is a future large-scale next-generation neutrino telescope. In September 2021, the TRIDENT pathfinder experiment [TRIDENT EXplorer (T-REX)] completed in situ measurements of deep-sea water properties South China Sea. T-REX apparatus integrates two independent and complementary systems, photomultiplier tube (PMT) camera system, to measure optica...

We have studied the performance of large area avalanche photodiodes (APDs) recently developed by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K, in high-resolution X-rays and γrays detections. We show that reach-through APD can be an excellent soft X-ray detector operating at room temperature or moderately cooled environment. We obtain the best energy resolution ever achieved with APDs, 6.4 % for 5.9 keV X-rays, and ...

Objective It is well-known that all living cells emit ultra-weak photon emission (UPE), which is due to byproducts of chemical reactions in cell metabolisms. It has been shown that Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the cells enhances the UPE intensity. The magnitude of such UPE is extremely weak (i.e. a few to 103 photons/ (sec.cm22)), and the detection of such ultra-weak signals is hardly possi...

We characterize the practical receiver in a wide range of signal intensity for optical wireless communication, from discrete pulse regime to continuous waveform regime. We first propose a statistical non-linear model based on the photomultiplier tube (PMT) multi-stage amplification and Poisson channel, and then derive the optimal and tractable suboptimal duty cycle with peak-power and averagepo...

In the standard nanosecond laser photolysis method for kinetic studies, a Q-switched laser generates transient species, and absorption spectrophotometry provides a measure of their concentrations. The sample is placed between the monitoring source (a pulsed xenon arc or a flash lamp) and a monochromator, and a photomultiplier tube (PMT) is used for measuring the intensity of the light leaving t...

We discuss the estimation of random errors due to shot noise in backscatter lidar observations that use either photomultiplier tube (PMT) or avalanche photodiode (APD) detectors. The statistical characteristics of photodetection are reviewed, and photon count distributions of solar background signals and laser backscatter signals are examined using airborne lidar observations at 532 nm using a ...

This paper investigates the transmitter and receiver performance of an active rotating tropospheric stratospheric Doppler wind Lidar. A 532 nm laser was determined as detection wavelength based on transmission scattering aspects. ten-fold Galileo beam expander consisting spherical aspherical mirrors designed produced to compress outgoing laser’s divergence angle using ZEMAX simulation optimizat...

This manuscript describes measurements of water-based liquid scintillators (WbLS), demonstrating separation the Cherenkov and scintillation components using fast timing response a Large Area Picosecond Photodector (LAPPD). Additionally, time profiles three WbLS mixtures, defined by relative fractions scintillating compound, are characterized, with improved sensitivity to scintillator rise-time....

Modified two-photon laser scanning microscope. We use a locally-designed TPLSM for the studies described here that has been modified to allow delivery of green laser light for photothrombotic clotting (Supplementary Fig. 1). Tightlyfocused 100-fs, 800-nm pulses from the femtosecond laser oscillator (Mira 900-F, Coherent, Inc.) are scanned throughout the brain of the rat using galvanometric scan...