Nitrate is an anion of major importance particularly in biological areas. Excessive amounts in water supplies indicate pollution from sewage or agricultural effluents. The effects of excessive quantities of nitrate in water are well known. In this research structural modification of natural clinoptilolite by isomorphic substitution was performed. Isomorphously substituted zeolite was prepar...

Phosphates along the DNA function as chemical energy frequently used by nucleases to drive their enzymatic reactions. Exonuclease functions as a machine that converts chemical energy of the phosphodiester-chain into mechanical work. However, the roles of phosphates during exonuclease activities are unknown. We employed λ exonuclease as a model system and investigated the roles of phosphates dur...

Voltage-dependent K(+) (Kv) channels require lipid phosphates for functioning. The S4 helix, which carries the gating charges in the voltage-sensing domain (VSD), inserts into membranes while being stabilized by a protein-lipid interface in which lipid phosphates play an essential role. To examine the physical basis of the protein-lipid interface in the absence of lipid phosphates, we performed...

___________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract Phosphates are inorganic compounds, based on the element phosphorus, combined with oxygen to form phosphates, the form in which phosphorus is present in nature. Phosphates are essential for plant growth, crops, and human health. Phosphates have been used in processing and preservation of fruits ...

hepatoprotective efficacy of propolis extract (honeybee hive product, 200 mg/kg, p.o.) was studied against carbon-tetrachloride-(ccl 4, 0.15 ml/kg, i.p.) induced biochemical and histopathological changes. silymarin, a known hepatoprotective drug was used as a positive control. subchronic exposure to ccl 4 for 3 weeks (5 days a week) caused sharp elevation in the activity of liver enzymes i.e. ,...

Sensitized photooxidation of imidazoles in aqueous solution and in the presence of inorganic phosphate afforded organic phosphates with yields up to 30%. The major phosphorylated product of oxidation of 2-methylimidazole was isolated and identified as the monophosphate of 4,5-dihydroxy-2-methyl-imidazoline with pKa values of 2.0, 5.2, and 9.8. The compound is energy rich in aqueous solution and...

The conservation of biodiverse wetland vegetation, including that of rich fens, has a high priority at a global scale. Although P-eutrophication may strongly decrease biodiversity in rich fens, some well-developed habitats do still survive in highly fertilized regions due to nutrient filtering services of large wetlands. The occurrence of such nutrient gradients is well-known, but the biogeoche...

new product development (npd) is described in the literature as the transformation of a market opportunity into a product available for sale. in the automotive industry, within the context of iso/ts16949:2002 (the automotive quality management system international standard),  these related to the product realization process (prp) which consists of three main phases such as planning, implementat...

Flat sub-Riemannian structures are local approximations — nilpotentizations — of sub-Riemannian structures at regular points. Lie algebras of symmetries of flat maximal growth distributions and sub-Riemannian structures of rank two are computed in dimensions 3, 4, and 5. 1. Sub-Riemannian structures A sub-Riemannian geometry is a triple (M,∆, 〈·, ·〉), where M is a smooth manifold, ∆ ⊂ TM is a s...