Nietzsche’s criticisms were directed against what he reckons as the progressive ‘moral’ disintegration of late 19 century Germany. He described morality as “the doctrine of the relations of supremacy (Herrschafts-Verhältnissen) under which the phenomenon of ‘life’ comes to be.” This definition, however, is broad and mired in ambiguity, and as will be pointed out later, escapes multitudinous ‘mo...

We argue for a naturalistic account for appraising scientific methods that carries non-trivial normative force. We develop our approach by comparison with Laudan’s (American Philosophical Quarterly 24:19–31, 1987, Philosophy of Science 57:20–33, 1990) “normative naturalism” based on correlating means (various scientific methods) with ends (e.g., reliability). We argue that such a meta-methodolo...