Osteoclasts are the only cells in an organism capable of resorbing bone. These cells differentiate from monocyte/macrophage lineage cells upon stimulation by receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). On the other hand, osteoclastogenesis is reportedly suppressed by glucose via the downregulation of NF-κB activity through suppression of reactive oxygen species generation. To examine whether ot...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized clinically by memory loss and cognitive decline. Protein kinase A (PKA)-CREB signaling plays a critical role in learning and memory. It is known that glucose uptake and O-GlcNAcylation are reduced in AD brain. In this study, we found that PKA catalytic subunits (PKAcs) were posttranslationally modified by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). O-GlcNA...

We previously reported that glucosamine and hyperglycemia attenuate the response of cardiomyocytes to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-generating agonists such as ANG II. This appears to be related to an increase in flux through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) and decreased Ca2+ entry into the cells; however, a direct link between HBP and intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis has not been establ...

Zona occludens 2 (ZO-2) has a dual localization. In confluent epithelia, ZO-2 is present at tight junctions (TJs), whereas in sparse proliferating cells it is also found at the nucleus. Previously we demonstrated that in sparse cultures, newly synthesized ZO-2 travels to the nucleus before reaching the plasma membrane. Now we find that in confluent cultures newly synthesized ZO-2 goes directly ...

Rropionyl coenzyme A was carboxylated with epimerasefree carboxylase, and the resulting methylmalonyl coenzyme A (a) was reduced with Raney nickel. Isolation of (-)(R)-P-hydroxyisobutyric acid N-phenylcarbamate (11) from the reaction mixture showed that methylmalonyl coenzyme A (a) has the (S) configuration. Propionyl coenzyme A was also converted to deuteriosuccinate with a DrO extract of a be...

Increased flux through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and increased O-linked glycosylation (N-acetylglucosamine [O-GlcNAc]) of proteins have been implicated in insulin resistance. Previous research in 3T3-L1 adipocytes indicated that insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and phosphorylation of Akt were reduced after incubation with O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosylidene)amino-N-phenylcar...

Rropionyl coenzyme A was carboxylated with epimerasefree carboxylase, and the resulting methylmalonyl coenzyme A (a) was reduced with Raney nickel. Isolation of (-)(R)-P-hydroxyisobutyric acid N-phenylcarbamate (11) from the reaction mixture showed that methylmalonyl coenzyme A (a) has the (S) configuration. Propionyl coenzyme A was also converted to deuteriosuccinate with a DrO extract of a be...

We previously demonstrated that the O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) posttranslational modification confers cardioprotection at least partially through mitochondrial-dependent mechanisms, but it remained unclear if O-GlcNAc signaling interfered with other mechanisms of cell death. Because ischemia/hypoxia causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, we ascertained whether O-GlcNAc sign...

Cellulose phenylcarbamate derivatives having methacrylate groups were synthesized with regioselective and non-regioselective procedures. These derivatives were chemically immobilized onto a vinylized silica gel, respectively, via a radical co-polymerization reaction. The immobilization was efficiently attained using a small amount of AIBN. The chiral recognition abilities of the prepared chiral...

Increased flux of glucose through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HSP) is believed to mediate hyperglycemia-induced insulin resistance in diabetes. The end product of the HSP, UDP beta-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), is a donor sugar nucleotide for complex glycosylation in the secretory pathway and for O-linked GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) addition to nucleocytoplasmic proteins. Cycling of the O-GlcNAc...