The immune response represents a suite of evolved traits that can involve energetic and evolutionary trade-offs with other energy-demanding fitness-related processes. Here, we tested the hypothesis aquatic beetles living in inland hypersaline habitats have lower capacity than freshwater congeners. Phenoloxidase activity, encapsulation antimicrobial peptide activity were compared freshwater/hype...

The effects of pyriproxyfen were determined on the cellular immunity and phenoloxidase activity in the 4th instar larvae of Chilo suppressalis Walker. The bioassay results revealed the effective concentrations of: 10L : 18C, 30L : 72C and 50L : 190C μg · ml–1. The sole effect of 18 and 72 μg · ml–1 concentrations at intervals of 1–3 h caused a higher number of total hemocytes in the treated lar...

as oxygenic photosynthetic organisms evolved. Organisms had to develop different strategies to handle a final product of photosynthesis, dioxygen (O2), as well as its highly reactive derivatives, superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals. Several enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase, evolved that protected the organisms. A particular class of protein, ...

Exposure of larvae of Galleria mellonella larvae to mild physical (i.e. shaking) or thermal stress for 24h increased their ability to survive infection with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia however larvae stressed in a similar manner but incubated for 72h prior to infection showed no elevation in their resistance to infection with A. fumigatus. Stressed larvae demonstrated an elevated haemocyte de...