Aminoglycoside antibiotics are usually administered by multiple short intravenous infusions at fixed intervals. Today, equations reported 35 years ago by Sawchuk and Zaske are still the cornerstone of methods used for determination of patient-specific pharmacokinetic parameters of aminoglycosides and individualization of drug dosage regimens in many clinical settings. Additionally, these method...

PURPOSE To propose a modified initial area under the uptake curve (mIAUC) dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI approach to achieve better distinction of underlying physiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mIAUC is formulated on common characteristics of tissue contrast uptake curves observed over a wide range of physiological conditions. The new metrics, IAUC(Ktrans) and IAUC(ve), are related to ...

This study was performed to estimate the mean pharmacokinetic parameters of routinely administered metoprolol in middle-aged and elderly Japanese patients. Whole blood concentration data (65 samples) at steady-state following repetitive administration to 34 patients were analyzed using a nonlinear mixed effects model. A one-compartment model was parameterized in terms of oral clearance (CL/F) a...

Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) relating biological activity to physiochemical descriptors have been successfully used for a number of years. It is also long recognized that pharmacokinetic parameters may play an important and even determinant role in drug action. This prompted several researchers to focus attention to pharmacokinetic parameters as potential descriptors in ...

Aceclofenac is presently most commonly prescribed analgesic for chronic pain and inflammatory conditions. In clinical practice, phenytoin and aceclofenac are used in a chronic condition of generalized seizure with concomitant chronic pain. Hence there are chances of drug-drug interaction because modulations of isoenzymes involved in metabolism of phenytoin and aceclofenac are CYP2C9/10 and CYP2...

In standard risk assessment methods for carcinogenic or noncarcinogenic chemicals, quantitative methods for evaluating interindividual variability are not explicitly considered. These differences are currently considered by the use of statistical confidence limits or default uncertainty factors. This investigation consisted of multiple tasks aimed at making quantitative predictions of interindi...

This paper presents the first study of F(ab')(2) scorpion antivenom pharmacokinetics in humans after intramuscular (im) administration. The specific anti-Centruroides scorpion antivenom was used in 6 human healthy volunteers. The fabotherapeutic was administered as a 47.5mg im bolus. Blood samples were drawn at 0, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60 , 90, 120, and 180 min, 6h and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 10 and 21 days af...

Educational Objectives 1. Describe and calculate the dosage regimen of an aminoglycoside antibiotic for a patient with Gram negative sepsis. 2. Define the half-live of an aminoglycoside when given serum concentration time data. 3. Calculate the distribution volume of an aminoglycoside in a patient when given serum concentration time data. 4. Describe the physiologic variables which will change ...

OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics of DL-α-lipoic acid in dogs when administered at 3 dosages via 3 methods of delivery. ANIMALS 27 clinically normal Beagles. PROCEDURES In a 3 × 3 factorial Latin square design, 3 dosages (2.5, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg) of DL-α-lipoic acid were administered orally in a capsule form and provided without a meal, in a capsule form and provided with a meal, ...

BACKGROUND The pharmacokinetic basis of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4 ) dosing regimens for eclampsia prophylaxis and treatment is not clearly established. OBJECTIVES To review available data on clinical pharmacokinetic properties of MgSO4 when used for women with pre-eclampsia and/or eclampsia. SEARCH STRATEGY MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, POPLINE, Global Health Library and reference lists of eligi...