The rotavirus spike protein, VP4, is a major determinant of infectivity and neutralization. Previously, we have shown that trypsin-enhanced infectivity of rotavirus involves a transformation of the VP4 spike from a flexible to a rigid bilobed structure. Here we show that at elevated pH the spike undergoes a drastic, irreversible conformational change and becomes stunted, with a pronounced trilo...

In this paper, we introduce a Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model which is derived from a typical Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network (MLP NN). At first, it is shown that the considered MLP NN can be interpreted as a variety of TS fuzzy model. It is discussed that the utilized Membership Function (MF) in such TS fuzzy model, despite its flexible structure, has some major restrictions. After modify...

An alkaline agent, namely food additive grade calcium hydroxide (FdCa (OH)2) in the powder form, was evaluated for its bactericidal efficacies in chicken feces at pH 13. The point for this evaluation was neutralization of the alkaline agent's pH at the time of bacterial recovery, since otherwise the results are substantially misleading. Without neutralization of the FdCa (OH)2 pH, the spiked ba...

The uptake of simian virus 40 (SV40) virions to the nucleus, the site of viral replication, proceeds via engulfment at the cytoplasmic membrane and transport in monopinocytotic vesicles through the cytoplasm to the nuclear membrane. In the case of Semliki Forest virus and poliovirus which undergo primary endocytosis in a similar manner, neutralization of the acid pH in these vesicles abolishes ...

pH neutralization reaction process plays a crucial role in Waste Water Treatment Process (WWTP). Traditional PID Proportion Integral Differential, (or even advanced control) algorithms have poor performance on WWTP due to the strong non-linearity, large time lag, and inertia characteristics of neutralization. Therefore, finding superior control method maintain value wastewater within normal ran...

The hydrometallurgical treatment of waste printed circuit boards for the recovery precious metals generates acidic wastewater containing nitrate, chloride and residual base metals. scope this work is study a biological process concurrent metal sequestering, nitrate reduction neutralization. A pilot-scale packed-bed biofilm reactor was set up, inoculated with strain H. denitrificans experimental...

A nonlinear experimental pH neutralization plant is controlled using a neural networks based Approximate Predictive Control (APC) strategy. First a closed-loop identification is performed, further, using neural networks, a black-box modeling of the experimental plant is conducted. Then the approximate predictive controller is realized, where a linear model of the plant is extracted at each samp...

Electromechanical coupling, a phenomenon present in collagenous materials, may influence cellextracellular matrix interactions. Here, electromechanical coupling has been investigated via piezoresponse force microscopy in transparent and opaque collagen membranes consisting of helical-like arrays of aligned type I collagen fibrils self-assembled from acidic collagen solution. Using atomic force ...

Electromechanical coupling, a phenomenon present in collagenous materials, may influence cellextracellular matrix interactions. Here, electromechanical coupling has been investigated via piezoresponse force microscopy in transparent and opaque collagen membranes consisting of helical-like arrays of aligned type I collagen fibrils self-assembled from acidic collagen solution. Using atomic force ...