Petroleum exploration and production is an industry that provides researchers with multi-variant challenging “real world” properties. Recently, some petroleum soft computing techniques have gained a greater interest in prediction within the oil industry. This paper is interested in the analysis, classifying, mining and predictions, based on fuzzy as an intelligent system and an intelligent syst...

People in different societies and different economic, political environments perceive and evaluate risks of large and complex projects in significantly distinctive ways. This chapter demonstrates ways of identifying and analyzing risks in large projects using case studies of mining projects in Mongolia. According to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK), composed by the Project Manag...

A method is described for extracting the petroleum from petroleum-bearing ̄uid inclusions hosted in the diagenetic cements of sedimentary rocks, whilst minimising contamination from petroleum in the pore space. A clean-up technique, involving the addition of extraction standards to the rock prior to analysis, has been developed that allows increased con®dence that the hydrocarbons extracted are...

Unexpected price spikes in petroleum can lead to instability in markets and have a negative economic effect on sectors which rely on petroleum consumption. Sudden rises in the price of petroleum do not have to be long-term to cause negative, cascading impacts across the economy. Firms which make futures purchases or hedge against a higher price during a price spike can become insolvent when the...

Biomass allocation is an important plant trait that responds plastically to environmental heterogeneities. However, the effects on this trait of pollutants owing to human activities remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the response of biomass allocation of Phragmites australis to petroleum pollution by a ¹³CO₂ pulse-labelling technique. Our data show that plant biomass signifi...

Several petroleum pitches have been prepared by thermal treatment of various petroleum-derived residues such as clarified oil, aromatic extract and pyrolysis tars. These pitches were characterized physico-chemically (softening point, coking value, QI, & TI) and instrumentally (NMR) and compared. Attempts have been made to correlate physicochemical properties of petroleum residues and pitches wi...

2. Normative reference The standards cited at the appropriate places in this standard are as follows. For these reference standards, their latest version (including the Supplements) shall be applied. JIS K 0124 General rules for high performance liquid chromatography JIS K 2249 Crude petroleum and petroleum products Determination of density and petroleum measurement tables based on a reference ...

A petroleum fluid can be di®ided into three types of species: asphaltenes, resins, and oils. Asphaltenes and resins are polar, while the rest of the so-called oils are either nonpolar or mildly polar. The interaction among these species strongly affect asphaltene precipitation from petroleum fluids. Different measuring methods for asphaltenes in a petroleum fluid gi®e similar results, but diffe...

Petroleum-based products are a primary energy source in the industry and daily life. During the exploration, processing, transport and storage of petroleum and petroleum products, water or soil pollution occurs regularly. Biodegradation of the hydrocarbon pollutants by indigenous microorganisms is one of the primary mechanisms of removal of petroleum compounds from the environment. However, the...

Plant-microbe interactions are considered to be important processes determining the efficiency of phytoremediation of petroleum pollution, however relatively little is known about how these interactions are influenced by petroleum pollution. In this experimental study using a microcosm approach, we examined how plant ecophysiological traits, soil nutrients and microbial activities were influenc...