Development of a domestic biofuels industry that increases production of liquid biofuels from renewable resources is a priority policy objective of the United States and a number of individual states. Biofuels are expected to reduce dependence on imported petroleum with associated political and economic vulnerability, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants, and revitalize the econ...

INTRODUCTION Microalgae comprise a vast group of photosynthetic, auto/heterotrophic organism which has an extraordinary potential for cultivation as energy crops. These microscopic algae use photosynthetic process similar to that of higher-developed plants. They are veritable miniature biochemical factories, capable of regulating carbon dioxide (CO ), just like terrestrial plants [1]. In additi...

-In this research paper we found that in order to meet the growing energy needs as a consequence of spiraling demand and diminishing supply, in today’s world renewable energy and biomass sources mostly bio-fuels are receiving more attention. The demand for energy has been phenomenon due to the rapid development of certain growing economies, especially in developing countries. Also because of th...

The globe has been compelled to develop other fuels due tight emission restrictions, poor environmental circumstances, depletion of oil reserves, and rising prices petroleum fuels. rapid development the automobile sector resulted in a sharp increase demand for petroleum-based Petroleum-based have finite amount reserves. Biodiesel, viable alternative fuel qualities that are similar diesel By com...

Introduction Acquisition of alternative fueled vehicles (AFV) within the United States and the Department of Defense is mandated by Federal Legislation and Executive Order. Under these mandates, the Air Force is required to plan, program, purchase, and utilize alternative fueled vehicles and establish access to refueling facilities. The applicable Acts and Orders accomplish two main goals. Firs...

A large challenging of world economic development is to meet the demand of energy consumption while reducing emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants [1-5]. Hydrogen, as an energy carrier, is widely regarded as a potential cost effective, renewable, and clean energy alternative to petroleum, especially in the transportation sector [1]. Extensive efforts are being made to develop a sustainab...

This paper presents the application of a primal decomposition algorithm for the problem of supply chain investment planning under uncertainty applied to the petroleum products supply chain. The uncertainty considered is related with the unknown demand levels for oil products. For this purpose, a model was developed based on two-stage stochastic programming. It is proposed two different solution...

Corrosion and erosion remain two key issues in petroleum production. In the last few years, there has been an increasing demand for online process control where the rate of metal loss may be monitored. From an ultrasound perspective these challenges reduce to measuring the wallthickness over time. By combining permanently installed sensors, low noise measurements and temperature compensation, l...

The world population of approx. 7.1 billion will grow by 17–54% by 2050. The world economy in 2050 will be four times larger than today and is projected to need 80% more energy in 2050. And, global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are on track to increase by 50%, primarily due to growth in energy-related CO2 emissions. The current boom in petroleum resources extracted by enhanced hydrocarbon reco...

The market of minimally processed food is increasing and as a result also the occurrence of food borne deceases, such as Listeria monocytogenes in e.g. meat. The increasing demand for fresh food has created a need for better packages that improves the food preservation, prevents microbial growth and prolongs the shelf life. However, packaging plastics made from petroleum sources have been found...