OR YEARS, PROCESS SIMULATION WAS limited to the petrochemical industry and other related chemistries. Today, several simulation packages include aqueous thermodynamic capabilities that open process simulation up to a wide range of additional applications. This article will look at the theory of aqueous chemical equilibrium, its application to process simulators, and the application of simulatio...

Due to easy availability of cheaper raw material and increase in new applications, the use of polyolefins in various industries is becoming a major priority. The Middle East region, on account of its vast oil and gas reserves has, in the last decade or so, been developing many new petrochemical complexes with their expansion into colossal polyolefin production capacities. The predictions are th...

This paper addresses the strategic planning, design and optimization of a network of petrochemical processes under uncertainty and risk considerations. The problem was formulated as a two-stage stochastic mixed-integer nonlinear programming model (MINLP) with parameter uncertainty considered in process yield, raw material and product prices, and upper and lower product market demand. Risk was a...

Petrochemical-based plastics are widely used in modern society due to their high effective mechanical and barrier properties (Farris et al., 2009; Siracusa et al., 2008). However, petrochemical-based plastics have become an environmental concern as they are not biodegradable or recyclable. Replacing the petrochemical-based polymers with biopolymers which are renewable has become an attractive i...

Inferential (or soft) sensors are used in industry to infer the values of imprecisely and rarely measured completely unmeasured) variables from online (e.g., pressures, temperatures). The main challenge, akin classical model overfitting, designing an effective inferential sensor is selection a correct structure sensor. represented by number inputs sensor, which correspond their (simple) combina...

Digital twin (DT) is drawing significant attention both from the academia, industry and government. However, people different fields have understandings cognitions about DT. In addition, most of DT application scenarios discussed belong to discrete manufacturing are not suitable for process manufacturing. Petrochemical a typical with multi-scale hierarchical functional structure in space time. ...