background and aims: the novel approaches in influenza vaccination have targeted more conserved viral proteins such as nucleoprotein (np) to provide cross protection against all serotypes of influenza a viruses. influenza specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) are able to lyse influenza-infected cells by recognition of np, the major target molecule in virus for ctl responses. on the other hand,...

Avian Encephalomyelitis (AE) is the disease caused by avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV). The mainly affects young birds nervous system worldwide causing high morbidity and variable mortality rate in chicks noticed egg dropping hatchability mature hens. Vaccination only way to control AEV infection since there no treatment yet encephalomyelitis. This study aimed use immunoinformatics approache...

Background: Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) complexes consist of neurotoxin and neurotoxin-associated proteins. Hemagglutinin-33 (HA-33) is a member of BoNT type A (BoNT/A) complex. Considering the protective role of HA-33 in preservation of BoNT/A in gastrointestinal harsh conditions and also its adjuvant role, recombinant production of this protein is favorable. Thus in this study, HA-33 was expr...

       Cholera toxin B subunit (CtxB) is a homopantameric, nontoxic subunit of cholera toxin that is responsible for its binding to the cell and has been known as a mucosal adjuvant for vaccines that could increase homoral and mocusal immunity response. In this work, the CtxB gene was fused to the StxB gene from Shigella dysenteriae type I a vaccine antigen candidate against t...

Citrus tristeza is one of the most destructive diseases of citrus and its causing agent CTV was introduced from Japan to northern Iran in the late 1960s. After about three decades of restriction to originally infected Satsuma trees, natural spread of CTV has being undertaken and melon aphid (Aphis gossypii Glov.) was confirmed as a potent vector in these areas. Regarding the specificity of aphi...

Background: DNA immunization is an appropriate method to produce an immunological response. Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces exotoxin A which is highly cytotoxic for eukaryotic cells. Since domains II (translocation domain) and 1b of the toxin have antigenic qualities, so they could be  useful candidates to protect against pseudomonas infections. Objectives: To evaluate if recombinant plasmid co...

To obtain the recombinant group 2 allergen product of Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f 2), the Der f 2 gene was synthesized by RT-PCR. The full-length cDNA comprised 441 nucleotides and was 99.3% identical to the reference sequence (GenBank AB195580). The cDNA was bound to vector pET28a to construct plasmid pET28a(+)-Der f 2, which was transformed into E. coli BL21 and induced by IPTG. SDS-PAGE ...

objective: enterotoxigenic escherichia coli is considered as the most important agent of children diarrhea and mortality in developing countries. this bacterium causes 300-600 thousands of deaths in the children under 5 years of age per year. with difficulties in treatment as well as its wide prevalence, designing an effective vaccine against this microorganism is the objective of world health ...