The integrated response of a population of neurones during conditioning results in long-term (days) changes of specific membrane currents within identified neurones. Prolonged elevation of intracellular calcium during conditioning causes a persistent increase of excitability by reducing K+ currents (IA and probably ICa2+-K+) in the membranes of identified somata. This Ca2+-mediated reduction of...

K+ channels play a key role in cellular physiology by regulating the efflux of K+ ions. They are the most diverse group of ion channel proteins; more thm 30 K+ channel genes have been characterized. RegulaOed by ATP, voltage, and calcium, multiple K+ channels coexist in the P-cell to regulate membrane potential, cell excitability, and insulin secretion. Recent developments at the molecular leve...

The role of the Ca(2+)-activated K(+) current (I(K(Ca))) in crayfish opener muscle fibers is functionally important because it regulates the graded electrical activity that is characteristic of these fibers. Using the cell-attached and inside-out configurations of the patch-clamp technique, we found three different classes of channels with properties that matched those expected of the three dif...

Correlated pre- and postsynaptic activity that induces long-term potentiation is known to induce a persistent enhancement of the intrinsic excitability of the presynaptic neuron. Here we report that, associated with the induction of long-term depression in hippocampal cultures and in somatosensory cortical slices, there is also a persistent reduction in the excitability of the presynaptic neuro...

We study the distribution of persistent sites (sites unvisited by particles A) in one dimensional A + A → ∅ reaction-diffusion model. We define the empty intervals as the separations between adjacent persistent sites, and study their size distribution n(k, t) as a function of interval length k and time t. The decay of persistence is the process of irreversible coalescence of these empty interva...

We report a persistent increase or decrease in the two-dimensional electron density of AlAs or GaAs quantum wells flanked by AlGaAs barriers, brought about by illuminating the samples at T ∼ 4 K while simultaneously applying a voltage bias between a back gate and the two-dimensional electron gas. Control of the final carrier density is achieved by tuning the back gate bias during illumination. ...

The problem of rejection of persistent unknown-butbounded disturbances can be solved using the wellknown I1 design approach. However, in spite of its success, this theory suffers from the fact that the resulting controller may have arbitrarily high order, even in the state-feedback case. In addition, system performance is optimized under the assumption of zero initial conditions. In this paper ...

It has recently been proposed by Wellington et al. that the genus Kitasatosporia Omura, Takahashi, Iwai and Tanaka (9) is a synonym of the genus Streptomyces, and four validly published species, Kitasatosporia setae (9), Kitasatosporia griseola (12), Kitasatosporia phosalacinea (12) and Kitasatosporia mediocidica (3), have been transferred to the genus Streptomyces as new combinations, Streptom...

(Kemp JP, Skoner D, Szefler SJ, et al. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1999;83:231–239). This study retrospectively examines the data more closely and demonstrates that efficacy and safety are not dependent on whether administration is by facemask or mouthpiece. The results here provide reassuring data for clinicians treating children with persistent asthma who are too young to use mouthpieces. Sim...

The field of superconductivity has gained much attention in recent years due to the discovery of the high temperature cuprate superconductors. Besides their high transition temperature (T,s up to = 160 K), they show a variety of physical properties that are remarkably different from those of conventional superconductors. Two of these are persistent photoconductivity (PPC) and persistent photoin...