STUDY DESIGN Prospective study. PURPOSE We aimed to validate the Persian version of the modified Oswestry disability questionnaire (MODQ) in patients with low back pain. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE Modified Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire is a well-known condition-specific outcome measure that helps quantify disability in patients with lumbar syndromes. METHODS To test the vali...

The Reduplications are made by repeating part of the base. The repeated part does not make sense and will never be used alone and is just popular in spoken language. In recent times, they have been used in some texts of poetry and prose, in particular, in stories written in vernacular. This research, with a historical approach, and with an analytical-explanatory method, examines the information...

in literary histories written in both iran and the west it has generally be assumed that early modern persian literary works are (technically inferior) copies of western literary works. this has been and is still a claim. almost no academically and scientifically sound works has substantiated this claim. while there is no point in denying a european influence on early modern persian literature,...

this paper examines the influence of persian words on italian culture and literature. these words entered italian literature before the 14 th century . first , it should be mentioned that the standard italian language has a literary origin that starts in the twelfth century, and the modern standard language was largely shaped by relatively recent events. this european language did not remain un...

background this article tries to determine some cases of arabicism in medical texts, through citing evidence from some persian medical texts and also tries to show their significant role in the process of correction, translation, and the revision of the ancient medical texts and its ensuing research and writing of new works based on the old ones. the importance of arabicism in medical text is t...

Persian is one of the Indo-European languages which has borrowed its script from Arabic, a member of Semitic language family. Since Persian and Arabic scripts are so similar, problems arise when we want to process an electronic text. In this paper, some of the common problems faced experimentally in developing a corpus for Persian are discussed. The sources of the problems are the Persian scrip...

a considerable part of persian classical literature is devoted to didactic literature. mysticism has also been very important in persian didactic literature and sufi tales are clear example of that; since all these tales have been used for the purpose of teaching. attar, one of the greatest persian poets, has paid lots of attention to these tales and has benefited them a lot in his works. attar...