The article is focused on the influence of climate agenda policy Arab oil-producing countries and prospects for cooperation with them Russia in general Bashkortostan particular. The authors investigate transformation into a mechanism used to compensate growing geopolitical countries, including trends formed by global agreements abandon hydrocarbon fuels divestment oil industry. analyzes ...

This article addresses the rebellion of al-Ḥārith b. Surayj, which occurred between 116 and 128 AH (734–46 CE) in Umayyad Khurasan. Combining Bactrian documents, Chinese, Arabic, Persian narratives, numismatic evidence, it highlights local aspect this rebellion. It shows that frontier region Khurasan, Umayyads were only one political group among many other regional powers, all with different pr...

borrowing in different accents – similar to languages – is done because of the trade between that accent and other languages and accents and shows the dynamism of the accent. on the other hand it proves the relationship between different cultures in spite of their historical or geographical distance. by a deep research in syrian accent the borrowing from persian, turkish, french, italian and en...

In recent years, scholars in the fields of cultural studies, American history, ethnic and Middle East area studies have approached questions race racism this geographic region with renewed critical vigor. Recent work deconstructing anti-Arab Islamophobia Americas Europe has put these patterns discrimination into intersectional conversation anti-Black anti-Indigenous racism. New historical effor...

feasts and festivals are ceremonies held by various peoples and nations in order to put on display their indigenous and unique cultures. persian peoples, too, have their own unique and peculiar customs while celebrating norooz festival, just like arabs who observe their own festivities during eid al-fitr and eid al-adha or the beginning of the lunar calendar or year; and so do christians, jews,...

vital importance of the energy in national and international economic development has made oil as a crucial and attractive factor for great powers. these powers have had permanent competition for establishing an oil system for securing their national interests. the persian gulf has been focal point of these competitions. after september 11, 2001, the role of oil has considered as one of the mos...