Introduction It is easy to understand the opposition to liberalized trade in established markets: Domestic producers loose from increased foreign competition. It is harder to understand the opposition to creating markets, including international markets, where they currently do not exist. Many economists and policymakers have proposed establishing tradable carbon permits to decrease the cost of...

2 Introduction In this paper, we provide a guide for policymakers who consider using tradeable permits as an environmental policy tool. Most of the issues we discuss are relevant both in the domestic and the international realm, although some have particular significance in one of the two areas. In recent years, tradeable permits (TP) have become rather widespread in use 1. The following table ...

Transcription of coregulated genes occurs in the context of long-range chromosomal contacts that form multigene complexes. Such contacts and transcription are lost in knockout studies of transcription factors and structural chromatin proteins. To ask whether chromosomal contacts are required for cotranscription in multigene complexes, we devised a strategy using TALENs to cleave and disrupt gen...

Ravi Subramanian • Sudheer Gupta • Brian Talbot College of Management, Georgia Institute of Technology, 800 West Peachtree Street NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA Faculty of Business Administration, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada Stephen M. Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, 701 Tappan Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA...

The paper presents the collective results from a number of Safety Management System audits. The audit protocol is based on the Health and Safety Executive publication ‘Successful health and safety management’ and takes into account formal (written) and informal procedures as well as their implementation. Focused on permit-to-work systems, these have shown a number of common failings. The most c...

CIRANO Le CIRANO est une corporation privée à but non lucratif constituée en vertu de la Loi des compagnies du Québec. Le financement de son infrastructure et de ses activités de recherche provient des cotisations de ses organisations-membres, d=une subvention d=infrastructure du ministère de l=Industrie, du Commerce, de la Science et de la Technologie, de même que des subventions et mandats ob...

The paper investigates the welfare effects of banking permits. The possibility that permits can be saved for use in a later period is an important part of the 1990 CAAA in the US. Banking of permits is also under consideration for a sulphor permit trading program in Europe. It is not obvious, however, whether a system like this is welfare improving. If under certainty a regulator issues the opt...

This paper presents an overview of the trends in building permits issued for livestock facilities between 1996 and 2001 for 42 municipalities in the livestock intensive region of southwestern Ontario. Most of the permits were issued for barns less than 100 livestock units. Most of the permits for large facilities (larger than 500 livestock units) were exclusively for hog farms. There was no spa...

Polymorphism in programming languages enables code reuse. Here, we show that polymorphism has broad applicability far beyond computations for technical computing: parallelism in distributed computing, presentation of visualizations of runtime data flow, and proofs for formal verification of correctness. The ability to reuse a single codebase for all these purposes provides new ways to understan...

One of key security issues on the current Internet is unwanted traffic, the forerunner of unauthorized accesses, intrusions, Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, port scanning, and other attacks. Since stopping unwanted traffic is vitally important but extremely challenging, we need a series of defensive schemes to identify unwanted packets, filter them out, and further defeat their associated atta...