Aim—To investigate factors that influence urinary tissue factor (uTF) measurements: glomerular permeability and filtration, tubular function, haematuria, and urine bacterial growth. Methods—uTF, protein creatinine index, glomerular filtration rate, retinol binding protein, N-acetyl-â-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and urinary haemoglobin (uHb) were measured in patients with hypertension, diabetes mell...

AIM To investigate factors that influence urinary tissue factor (uTF) measurements: glomerular permeability and filtration, tubular function, haematuria, and urine bacterial growth. METHODS uTF, protein creatinine index, glomerular filtration rate, retinol binding protein, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and urinary haemoglobin (uHb) were measured in patients with hypertension, diabetes...

Two types of optical metamaterials operating at near-IR and mid-IR frequencies, respectively, have been designed, fabricated by nanoimprint lithography (NIL), and characterized by laser spectroscopic ellipsometry. The structure for the near-IR range was a metal/dielectric/metal stack “fishnet” structure that demonstrated negative permittivity and permeability in the same frequency region and he...

We derive an approach to determine the causal direction of wavevectors of modes in optical metamaterials, which, in turn, determines signs of refractive index and impedance as a function of real and imaginary parts of dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability. We use the developed technique to demonstrate that the interplay between resonant response of constituents of metamaterials can ...

The sign of the refractive index of any medium is soley determined by the requirement that the propagation of an electromagnetic wave obeys Einstein causality. Our analysis shows that this requirement predicts that the real part of the refractive index may be negative in an isotropic medium even if the electric permittivity and the magnetic permeability are both positive. Such a system may be a...

We demonstrate a polarization independent negative-index metamaterial (NIM) at microwave frequencies. Transmission measurements and simulations predict a left-handed transmission band with negative permittivity and negative permeability. A negative-index is verified by using the retrieval procedure. Effective parameters of single-layer and two-layer NIMs are shown to be different. Negative phas...

Sepsis is characterized by increased microvascular permeability and regional variations in capillary perfusion, which may be modulated by nitric oxide (NO) and reversed by fluid resuscitation (FR). The effects of saline FR and NO synthase blockade [by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)] on microvascular albumin transport and perfused capillary density were assessed in anaesthetized Wis...

Negative refractive index characteristics of a uniaxial anisotropic slab with a negative component of the permeability tensor are first confirmed. A two-dimensional array of metallic spirals is fabricated on a dielectric substrate and the wave propagation guided by the structure is measured by near-field measurements at 4.5 GHz band. The ω-β relation is obtained by the measured phase distributi...