In this paper we explore how precisely the magnetic up/down symmetry must be controlled to insure sharing of edge localized mode (ELM) heat flux between upper and lower diverters in a double-null tokamak. We show for DIH-D, using infrared thermography, that the spatial distribution of Type-I ELM energy is less strongly affected by variations in magnetic geometry than is the time-averaged peak h...

In this paper, we present an experimental investigation of pool boiling heat transfer on multiscale (micro/ nano) functionalized metallic surfaces. Heat transfer enhancement in metallic surfaces is very important for large scale high heat flux applications like in the nuclear power industry. The multiscale structures were fabricated via a femtosecond laser surface process (FLSP) technique, whic...

The propagation of a periodic thermal wave into snow is significantly altered by the presense of a shallow rock interface because of the large difference in thermal properties of the two media. The temperature distribution is modeled using classical heat conduction equations subject to a periodic diurnal or seasonal surface heat flux condition, jump conditions at the interface, and insulating c...

A new estimate of the heat budget for the North Pacific Ocean is presented in this paper. The seasonal net heat flux and heat storage rates were calculated for the North Pacific Ocean from 1950 to 1990 on a spatial resolution of 58 3 58. Temperature profiles from the National Ocean Data Center were used to calculate the heat storage rates. Satellite remotely sensed solar irradiance and ship mar...

The heat conduction of finite length single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) was simulated by the molecular dynamics method with the Tersoff-Brenner bond order potential (parameter table II) [1]. The thermal conductivity of SWNTs, which was speculated to be higher than any other materials along the cylindrical axis [2,3], was measured from the simulations with several different chiralities and l...

8 Definitions 9 Heat flow. The rate of thermal energy transfer in a medium 10 driven either conductively along a thermal gradient or 11 advectively via mass transport. The standard unit is 12 watts, W. The term is also used to describe a subdiscipline 13 of geophysics, as in the title of this entry. 14 Conductive heat flux. The heat flow per unit area diffusing 15 by conduction along a thermal ...

In this paper, the combination of conduction with radiation into a semitransparent medium which includes absorption, emission and scattering has been investigated. In order to Study the conduction in medium, the Non-Fourier heat conduction has been applied. In this model there is a time delay between heat flux and temperature gradient. Also, in contrast with Fourier heat conduction, the speed o...

This paper extends previous large-eddy simulations of the convective boundary layer over a surface with a spatially varying sensible heat flux. The heat flux variations are sinusoidal and onedimensional. The wavelength is 1500 or 4500 m (corresponding to 1.3 and 3.8 times the boundarylayer depth. respectively) and the wind speed is 0. 1 or 2 m sI. In every case the heat flux variation drives a ...

Heat flux plates are commonly used to measure soil heat flux, a component of the surface energy balance. The plate method is simple and precise, but several previous studies have demonstrated the potential for relatively large errors. Here we present the results of in situ tests of the plate method, and we describe some promising alternative methods. Summertime soil heat flux was measured with ...