In the plane, the way to enclose the most area with a given perimeter and to use the shortest perimeter to enclose a given area, is always to use a circle. If we replace the plane by a regular tiling of it, and construct polyforms i.e. shapes as sets of tiles, things become more complicated. We need to redefine the area and perimeter measures, and study the consequences carefully. A spiral cons...

The tools of stochastic geometry are applied to the transition from hexagonal to square cells recently observed in surface-tension-driven Bénard convection. By means of this method we study the metrical and topological evolution of Bénard cells as a function of the temperature difference across the layer. We find distinct differences in the metric of the three cell types. While sidelength, area...

background: electrophysiologic (edx) study is the most valuable method in grading the severity of carpal tunnel syndrome (cts), but it is invasive and painful. we evaluated the efficacy of ultrasound for this purpose. materials and methods: eighty-one wrists of 52 consecutive patients with clinical evidences of cts, confirmed and graded by edx as mild, moderate, and severe, were examined by ult...

the human blood basal glucose level is a completely controlled range. information on the relationship between culture glucose concentration and changes in the cell's surface area, volume and surface area to volume (s/v) ratio are lacking. cancerous epithelial-like cell lines sw480, sw742 and t-47d were cultured in mediums nourished with 4.7 mm per liter of glucose as the control group and three...

landscape metrics quantifies structural features of the landscape. one of the advantages of these metrics is a possibility to use them in fast cumulative assessment of the development activities in the environment. in this paper, the cumulative effects of road network expansion on the tree cover of gorgan, kordkuy, aliabad townships in golestan province were investigated. to prepare the require...

The effects of screen contrast ratio, luminance level, and their interaction on visual lobe shape were examined in this study. The results showed that luminance level showed noticeable effects only on lobe perimeter. Though slightly larger area was noted upon increasing luminance level, none of the other shape parameters were significantly affected. The luminance level and its interaction with ...