background & objectives: the purpose of this study was evaluating the hearing status of tinnitus patients referred to our center. materials & methods: a total of 144 patients, referred to our center by the end of december 2008 to june 2009, who have tinnitus complaints after initial examination and cleaning the ear duct in the audiology clinic were introduced and completed the questionn...

in this research the activity of 75 producers, 55 wholesalers and 55 retailers, citrus market of jahrom county was investigated. the results indicated that margin of wholesale, retail and total margin of citrus in this county was 1461.1, 1480.3, and 2941.4 rs respectively. share of producer from marginal price was estimated to be 57.9 percent and share of wholesaler was more than retailer. in t...

Policymakers are concerned that some rural hospitals have suffered significant losses under the Balanced Budget Act (BBA) of 1997 and that access to inpatient and emergency care may be at risk. This article projects that the median total profit margin for rural hospitals will fall from 4 percent in 1997 to between 2.5 and 3.7 percent after the BBA, Balanced Budget Refinement Act (BBRA) of 1999,...

Background: Because total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and, more recently, the percent free PSA are used to screen men for prostate cancer, population-based, ageand racespecific distributions are needed of both PSA tests among American men to estimate the effect of lowering the PSA threshold or widespread introduction of the free PSA test as an additional screening test. Methods: We did PSA ...

This article examines the loss in “metered” aggregate income that could occur if Malaysia surrendered the lumber value of its tropical forest resources to nonlumber uses. We estimate these losses under a variety of assumptions about what “business as usual” and “conservation” might entail. We also consider the sensitivity of income losses to variations in our model’s parameter values and to som...

We examined 4,848 regurgitated digestive pellets of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) over a 6-year period (1992–97) to estimate annual predation on sport and other fishes in the eastern basin of Lake Ontario. We found more than 51,000 fish of 28 species. Using a model that incorporates annual colony nest counts; fledgling production rates; adult, immature, and young-of-year res...