Calcium-dependent action potentials were recorded from mouse spinal cord neurons in primary dissociated cell culture following addition of the potassium channel blockers tetraethylammonium ion and 3-aminopyridine. The pharmacologically active barbiturates, pentobarbital and phenobarbital, but not the pharmacologically inactive barbiturate, barbituric acid, produced reversible, dose-dependent re...

BACKGROUND Pediatric fMRI may require sedation. The aim of this study is to compare different sedation schemes to determine which medication yields least failures and the best activation. METHODS A total of 100 children who had fMRI performed as part of the work up for epilepsy surgery, were divided into different medication groups (Pentobarbital, Propofol, Dexmedetomidine, Sevoflurane). Comp...

BACKGROUND Barbiturates enhance gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptor function and also inhibit the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) subtype of glutamate receptor. The relative contribution of these actions to the behavioral properties of barbiturates is not certain. Because AMPA receptor complexes that lack the GluR2 subunit are relatively insensitive...

Benzodiazepines (BDZs) depress neuronal excitability via positive allosteric modulation of inhibitory GABA(A) receptors (GABA(A)R). BDZs and other positive GABA(A)R modulators, including barbiturates, ethanol, and neurosteroids, can also inhibit L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (L-VGCCs), which could contribute to reduced neuronal excitability. Because neuronal L-VGCC function is up-regula...

rosa damascena has been found to act on central nervous system including the brain. several studies confirm that r. damascena inhibits the activity of the hypothalamus and pituitary systems in rat and can suppress the central nervous system. in traditional medicine hypnotic effect of rose is also suggested. in this study, the hypnotic effect of the ethanol crude extract of r. damascena and its ...

background research in the area of herbal psychopharmacology has clearly improved in recent decades. self-administration of herbal medicines has been the most popular therapeutic alternative to standard medicine. objectives since the extract of echium amoenum exhibits an anxiolytic effect, the aim of this study is to evaluate the anxiolytic and hypnotic effects in mice of the aqueous and ethano...

Treatment with pentobarbital of primary cultured cerebellar granule cells decreased the gamma-aminobutyric acid, (GABA)A receptor subunit gamma-2 long/short (gamma-2L/S) mRNA ratio. A high dose of pentobarbital (500 microM) decreased the gamma-2L/S ratio by 64%; the decrease was dose and time dependent and reversible. (-)-Hexobarbital (500 microM), the less potent stereoisomer for GABA(A) recep...

The present study evaluates the effect of systemic pentobarbital on the spinal transmission of nociceptive information and on stimulation-produced descending inhibition in the deeply anesthetized, paralyzed cat. Single neuronal responses to noxious skin heating were recorded extracellulary in the lumbar dorsal horn and found to be depressed by pentobarbital at subanesthetic doses (4.0, 8.0, 17....

BACKGROUND Dexmedetomidine has shown beneficial effects in several inflammatory models, including ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). This study investigated whether the continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine could improve renal IRI in rats. METHODS Rats were subjected to either a sham operation and given pentobarbital (10 mg/kg/h; n=6) or were subjected to 45 minutes of renal ischemia and ane...