Physically Evolving Networks (PENs) were first proposed by Alan Turing in his 1948 paper “Intelligent Machines” [1]. PENs capture some important features of the information processing of biological neural systems, such as mimicking animal and human error patterns, and implement massively parallel, non-algorithmic processes, where the sequence and concurrency of operations is determined at run t...

We used photolithographic microfabrication techniques to create very small stainless steel fountain pens that were installed in place of conventional pens on a microarray spotter. Because of the small feature size produced by the microfabricated pens, we were able to print arrays with up to 25,000 spots/cm2, significantly higher than can be achieved by other deposition methods. This feature den...

BACKGROUND Many individuals with type 2 diabetes in emerging countries are transitioning from vial-and-syringe insulin delivery to that of insulin pens (disposable or reusable). As with all insulin delivery methods, patient preferences and comfort are of utmost importance to optimize adherence to treatment. Patient-preferred characteristics for reusable insulin pens and barriers to appropriate ...

Background. Endocrine Pancreatic Tumours (PENs) are rare and can be nonfunctioning or functioning. They carry a good prognosis overall though high grade lesions show a relatively shorter survival. The aim of the current study is to describe a single centre analysis of the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment of PENs. Patients and Methods. This is a cohort analysis of 40 patients of P...

The effect of competition at feeding on specific categories of growing-finishing pigs was studied in order to provide an explanation for the increased variation in performance within pens previously seen in highly competitive feeding environments. Individual feed intake and feeding behavior, performance, and health were compared for relatively small, medium, and large pigs in pens of 16. Pens c...

Three finishing trials were conducted to determine the effects of dietary manipulation and management on N losses from open feedlots. In each experiment, 96 steers were assigned randomly to 12 nutrient balance pens. In Trial 1, calves were fed for 180 d during the winter/spring months; in Trial 2, yearlings were fed for 132 d in the summer. In Trials 1 and 2, N losses from pens were compared di...

The prevalence rate of rotavirus in swine herds in Denmark was examined. 28 intensive breeding herds were tested and rotavirus was detected in 18 herds, i.e. 64.2%. Of the 638 fecal samples examined, 221 were positive (34.6%). The age distribution showed that rotavirus occurred with highest frequency (approx. 60%) in four week-old piglets. Rotavirus infection in neonatal piglets predominantly o...