In the spirit of the elasticity of taxable income literature, which has primarily considered federal taxes using individual data, we estimate panel regressions of state personal income tax bases on state tax rates, structures, and other controls. We consider actual tax base data gathered directly from revenue offi cials, a calculated tax base defi ned as collections divided by the top tax rate,...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: H71 R23 Keywords: Property tax Voting Assessment cap Lock-in Mobility Local public finance Local political economy Popular support for property assessment caps has been explained as attempts to protect long-time home owners and to constrain local public expenditures. However, in the absence of a binding cap on millage rates, an assessment limit simply l...

A solid financial plan considers all the variables that can affect your future, such as current income, savings, expenses, and expected future income. So you try to match savings investment decisions with long-term short-term goals. Financial planning is crucial when it comes saving taxes. We should have a stable rate because markets always oscillate between inflation deflation. not adequate wi...

Taxes make up the bulk of any government revenue and provide a sustainable source of revenue. In recent years, the main focus of the tax reform program, in almost all countries of the world, has been on VAT. But a major problem in the effective implementation of VAT, which is a nascent tax base in countries, is the phenomenon of tax evasion. Therefore, one of the most basic steps in preventing ...

The Polish Personal Income Tax Law provides for a relatively extensive group of tax exemptions related to various benefits offered doctoral students and academics. It also includes an exemption scholarships assistance grants referred in 2.0, as well received under programmes or projects aimed at implementing the current state scientific policy. rule adopted is that applies long rules granting q...