Temperature variation not only results in changes refractive index, radius, thickness, and air space, but also leads to surface deformation due the mismatch thermal expansion coefficients between glass mechanical materials. However, existing passive athermal optical design methods cannot optimize thermal-induced deformation, optimization usually focus on structural or control rather than optimi...

A passive jet flow control method was employed to suppress the unsteady vortex shedding from a circular cylinder at the Reynolds number level of Re= (0.18~1.1)×10. The passive jet flow control was achieved by blowing jets from the holes near the rear stagnation point of the cylinder, which are connected to the in-take holes located near the front stagnation point through channels embedded insid...