The amygdala is a temporal lobe structure that is required for processing emotional information. Polymodal sensory information enters the amygdala at the level of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and undergoes local processing, after which the behavioral and autonomic responses that accompany emotions are initiated. Two main neuron types are present in the BLA, pyramidal-like principal neurons th...

Although the difference in allergenicity between landlocked and anadromous salmon is little understood, only anadromous salmon are recommended to be labeled in the current allergen labeling system. This study was designed to examine the allergenic potency of landlocked species (yamame) and anadromous species (sakuramasu) of masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou masou, with special reference to parvalb...

Oxidative stress, in response to the activation of the superoxide-producing enzyme Nox2, has been implicated in the schizophrenia-like behavioral dysfunction that develops in animals that were subject to either neonatal NMDA receptor-antagonist treatment or social isolation. In both of these animal models of schizophrenia, an environmental insult occurring during the period of active maturation...

The neurobiological bases of mood instability are poorly understood. Neuronal network alterations and neurometabolic abnormalities have been implicated in the pathophysiology anxiety conditions associated with hence candidate mechanisms underlying its neurobiology. Fast-spiking parvalbumin GABAergic interneurons modulate activity principal excitatory neurons through their inhibitory action dete...

Hair cells of the inner ear contain high concentrations of calcium-binding proteins that limit calcium signals and prevent cross talk between different signaling pathways during auditory transduction. Using light microscope immunofluorescence and post-embedding immunogold labeling in the electron microscope, we characterized the distribution of three calcium-buffering proteins in the turtle coc...

Antibodies directed against the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin label a subpopulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid-releasing neurons in the cerebral cortex that is thought to have particular metabolic and physiological properties. The chandelier cell is a well-characterized morphological type of gamma-aminobutyric acid-releasing cortical interneuron, the axon of which possesses very distincti...

Calcium-binding protein (CaBP) and parvalbumin are two proteins that are expressed in brain and bind calcium in the micromolar range. The immunohistochemical distribution of these two proteins was examined in the basal ganglia of rats and rhesus monkeys. In the striatum, CaBP immunoreactivity is localized to a subset of striatonigral projection neurons; CaBP-positive neurons are distributed in ...

Parvalbumin is a pan-allergen in fish and frog that triggers IgE-mediated reactions in fish-allergic individuals. Previous studies demonstrated that antibodies raised against fish and frog parvalbumins displayed varying specificity for different fish species, and thus the applicability of these antibodies for potential use in immunoassays to detect fish residues were limited. We aimed to determ...