This study aimed to measure the synthesis of Th1 and Th2 cytokines by mononuclear cells after culture with live T. gondii and identified Th17 (CD4(+)) and Tc17 (CD8(+)) cells in toxoplasma-seronegative and toxoplasma-seropositive parturient and nonpregnant women. Cytometric bead arrays were used to measure cytokine levels (IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10); immunophenotyping was used t...

BACKGROUND A significant number of Canadian rural communities offer local maternity services in the absence of caesarean section back-up to parturient residents. These communities are witnessing a high outflow of women leaving to give birth in larger centres to ensure immediate access to the procedure. A minority of women choose to stay in their home communities to give birth in the absence of ...

In this case report we have discussed a parturient patient who had epidural analgesia during childbirth and then presented with back pain 50 days postpartum as well as the causes of postpartum back pain.

Heart disease is the primary cause of nonobstetric mortality in pregnancy, occurring in 1%-3% of pregnancies and accounting for 10%-15% of maternal deaths. Congenital heart disease has become more prevalent in women of childbearing age, representing an increasing percentage (up to 75%) of heart disease in pregnancy. Untreated maternal heart disease also places the fetus at risk. Independent pre...

Background: Optimal pain control in a parturient woman undergoing caesarean section is essential for preventing complications and improving maternal satisfaction, early functional recovery, mother-baby bond breastfeeding. Intentional assessment adequate management to acceptable severity using multimodal methods can be achieved low-middle income countries (LMICs).