Aspects of Chinese syntax result in a distinctive mix of parsing challenges. However, the contribution of individual sources of error to overall difficulty is not well understood. We conduct a comprehensive automatic analysis of error types made by Chinese parsers, covering a broad range of error types for large sets of sentences, enabling the first empirical ranking of Chinese error types by t...

We introduce a constituency parser based on a bi-LSTM encoder adapted from recent work (Cross and Huang, 2016b; Kiperwasser and Goldberg, 2016), which can incorporate a lower level character biLSTM (Ballesteros et al., 2015; Plank et al., 2016). We model two important interfaces of constituency parsing with auxiliary tasks supervised at the word level: (i) part-of-speech (POS) and morphological...

The Stuttgart-Tübingen Tag Set (STTS) (Schiller et al., 1995) has long been established as a quasi-standard for part-of-speech (POS) tagging of German. It has been used, with minor modifications, for the annotation of three German newspaper treebanks, the NEGRA treebank (Skut et al., 1997), the TiGer treebank (Brants et al., 2002) and the TüBa-D/Z (Telljohann et al., 2004). One major drawback, ...

Opinion mining deals with an analysis of user reviews for extracting their opinions, sentiments and demands in a specific area, which can play an important role in making major decisions in such area. In general, opinion mining extracts user reviews at three levels of document, sentence and feature. Opinion mining at the feature level is taken into consideration more than the other two levels d...

This paper aims to further probe into the problems of ambiguities for automatic identification of determinative-measure compounds (DMs) in Chinese and to develop sets of rules to identify DMs and their parts of speech. It is known that Chinese DMs are identifiable by regular expressions. DM rule matching helps one solve word segmentation ambiguities, and parts of speech help one improve sense r...

The arrangement of words based on rules is termed as Syntax. Natural languages have their renowned syntactic rules that demonstrate their latent features. It is attributed in a form of free word order and some have conditions on the word order arrangement. As a consequence, the smallest unit in a sentence called word or lexicon has its unique function which determines the nature of the sentence...

The study of word classes has a history of over 4000 years, and the word class problem in over 1000 analytic languages like Modern Chinese can be seen as the Goldbach Conjecture in linguistics. This paper first outlines the existing problems in the POS tagging of Modern Chinese corpora with a case study of 自信. Then it introduces the Two-level Word Class Categorization Model in analytic language...

This paper describes a novel application of text categorization for mathematical word problems, namely Multiplicative Compare and Equal Group problems. The empirical results and analysis show that common text processing techniques such as stopword removal and stemming should be selectively used. It is highly beneficial not to remove stopwords and not to do stemming. Part of speech tagging shoul...