Several possibilities for the use of elastic light scattering in the backscatter range (scattering angle theta(s) > 140 deg) for determination of size, velocity, and refractive index of spherical particles are investigated. First the phase Doppler technique is considered. Numerical simulations of light scattering with the Lorenz-Mie theory are used to show that the phase Doppler technique is un...

Organization of spherical particles into lattices is typically driven by packing considerations. Although the addition of directional binding can significantly broaden structural diversity, nanoscale implementation remains challenging. Here we investigate the assembly of clusters and lattices in which anisotropic polyhedral blocks coordinate isotropic spherical nanoparticles via shape-induced d...

A facile controlled synthesis method of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) under mild conditions has been developed by combining the stabilization ability of amphiphilic thiacalixarene and the reduction ability of phenolic moieties together, and the particle sizes of AuNPs can be readily controlled by only adjusting the feeding ratio of Au/S.

We describe preliminary results from an optical scattering instrument designed to assess the shapes and sizes of microscopic atmospheric cloud particles, especially the smallest ice crystals, that can profoundly affect cloud processes and radiative properties. The new instrument captures high-resolution spatial light scattering patterns from individual particles down to approximately 1 microm i...

Introduction: Since the return of the first lunar samples it has been well known that glass-welded aggregates (agglutinates) accumulate in lunar soil as the result of multiple processes, many of which are driven by micrometeorite impacts. The proportion of agglutinates increases with increasing exposure to the space environment, and for an individual soil the proportion of agglutinates also inc...

The vertical size segregation of granular materials, a process commonly associated with the Brazil-nut effect, has generally been thought to proceed faster the greater the size difference of the particles. We experimentally investigate sheared dense bidisperse granular materials as a function of the size ratio of the two species and find that the mixing rate at low confining pressure behaves as...

The increase in stool weight after feeding 20 g (dry weight) of bran daily was measured when this was of large particle size and after milling to small particle size. Twenty-eight investigations were carried out in 21 normal subjects. With coarse bran, stool weight was significantly greater than with the fine bran (mean 219.4 g/d coarse bran, 199-0 g/d fine bran: difference 20.4 g SE +/-6.4, P ...

Thermal pretreatment or torrefaction of biomass under anoxic condition can produce an energy dense and consistent quality solid biomass fuel for combustion and co-firing applications. This paper investigates the fuel characteristics and grindability of pine chips and logging residues torrefied at temperatures ranging from 225 °C to 300 °C and 30 min residence time. Grinding performance of torre...

Article history: Biomass particle size impa Received 9 June 2008 Received in revised form 11 December 2008 Accepted 10 February 2009 Available online 23 February 2009