Logic is not just about single-agent notions like reasoning, or zero-agent notions like truth, but also about communication between two or more people. What we tell and ask each other can be just as logical as what we infer in Olympic solitude. We show how communication and other interactive phenomena can be studied systematically by merging epistemic and dynamic logic, leading to new types of ...

Question generation tools can be used to extract a questionanswer database from text articles. We investigate how suitable this technique is for giving domain-specific knowledge to conversational characters. We tested these characters by collecting questions and answers from naive participants, running the questions through the character, and comparing the system responses to the participant an...

Generally community us to seek information for our queries and doubts. It enables the community members to post questions and answers to that. However, existing community question answering forums usually provide only textual answers, which are not informative enough for many questions. To improve the understanding and provide additional information we propose a novel scheme which allows commun...

This paper describes a full data-driven system for question answering. The system uses pattern matching and statistical techniques to identify the relevant passages as well as the candidate answers for factoid and definition questions. Since it does not consider any sophisticated linguistic analysis of questions and answers, it can be applied to different languages without requiring major adapt...

A heat pump is an electrically-ponered refrigerationcycle device which is capable ofproviding both heating and cooling to a residence. In the sumrrcr, it operates like an air conditioner by "moving" heat from inside the house to the outside. In the winter, the refrigerant flow is reversed, "moving" heat into the house by further chilling the already cold outside air and transferring the heat ga...

The audience for this toolkit is World Bank Task Managers and their counterparts in other organizations—those who, in response to requests, go to countries, assess the problems, design projects to address these problems, and implement or supervise these projects. Most World Bank staff are already overloaded with work and do not have the time to read material that is impractical or researchorien...

Without measurement, forward progress would not be possible in educational or other research contexts. Measurement, the process by which a variable is operationalized for the purpose of describing that variable in a quantitative manner (Hills, 1981; Kane, 2001), serves as the link between questions and answers. While the process of measurement bridges the gap between research objectives/questio...

This paper uses data from two online shopping platforms to investigate the economic implications of the Q&A system. This research problem becomes increasingly important as many websites start to adopt the Q&A system. Yet, its economic implications have not been discussed in the previous literature. We employ the difference-in-differences analysis to examine the effect of Q&A elements on product...

B description speci cally helps to identify the nature of the service o ered to customers from the customer viewpoint. Z animation has made it possible to answer the following questions about the domain: The same service cannot be provided twice. If there is an authority for providing a service then it will be provided. QNAP2 and SWAP suggest di erent ways of con guring systems e.g. types of sc...